交会对接任务轨道控制规划设计与实施简

针对我国空间交会对接轨道控制规划技术,研究了轨道交会优化、应急轨道控制、安全轨道防护和发射窗口规划等一系列关键问题.设计了全寿命周期交会对接任务轨道控制规划方案,从目标飞行器发射到飞船返回,对轨道控制进行了全程协同、全局优化.设计了相位、高度、圆化度多目标融合控制算法;建立了规划变量对远距离导引终点六自由度的独立控制方程;设计了标称整体规划与动态逐级规划相结合的多模式规划策略;基于导引终点整体调整和局部调整的方式,实现了正常和应急条件下天地导引交接点的动态规划;提出了基于飞行控制过程建模的导引终点精度分析方法,确定了地面导引向自主导引切换的关键判据;建立了多约束交会对接发射窗口模型,构建了多任务多年度发射窗口集合.交会对接轨道控制规划技术成功应用于神舟八号、神舟九号和神舟十号交会对接任务.     

轨控标定方法研究及在交会对接中的应用简

在航天测控任务中,对轨控效果进行标定并合理利用可以实现更为精准的轨道控制目标.提出一种用虚拟等效推力来替代姿态偏差所带来的影响,利用控前控后精密轨道同时标定轨控执行过程轨道切向、径向、法向三方向速度增量的方法,介绍该方法在我国交会对接任务中的应用情况,及其标定结果对定轨精度的敏感程度,试图在理论上进一步说明利用精密轨道进行轨控标定的可行性.     

地月系L1点的月球借力间接转移轨道设计

针对地月系L1点（LL1）的轨道转移问题,在平面圆型限制性三体问题模型下,提出了利用月球借力的间接转移设计方法.转移设计分为地月转移轨道段和月球至LL1流形段.首先,通过改变LL1点初始机动速度,逆向积分LL1点的拟流形,以寻找初始速度、月心会合坐标系下的轨道高度和相位角这三者之间的关系,确定月球—LL1流形段微分改正的初始条件.然后,借助地月系不同转移时间的霍曼转移轨道所对应的近月点高度和相位角的关系,获得使2段转移在近月点相拼接的地月转移轨道段.这种设计方法给出了一系列LL1点间接转移轨道,将此设计结果与其他文献中的转移设计方法进行比较,此间接转移轨道比低能量转移轨道节省时间,比直接转移轨道节约能量.     

基于嫦娥一号高能粒子数据的地球磁层屏蔽效应研究

月球绕地球运行轨道约有1/4位于地球磁层内,因此,地球磁层是否会为月球轨道附近高能粒子提供足够的磁场屏蔽对于探索月球活动具有重要影响.嫦娥一号是中国首颗绕月人造卫星,其绕月飞行的工作轨道距离月球表面200 km.通过对嫦娥一号高能粒子探测器(HPD)的探测数据进行分析,比较了当月球位于地球磁层内外6个不同能道(能量范围4～400 MeV)时质子通量的变化,发现当月球位于地球磁层内时,这些能道的质子通量并没有发生显著减少,结果表明地球磁层不能为月球轨道附近高能粒子提供显著的磁屏蔽.     

Pulsed laser interactions with space debris: Target shape effects

Among the approaches to the proposed mitigation and remediation of the space debris problem is the de-orbiting of objects in low Earth orbit through irradiation by ground-based high-intensity pulsed lasers. Laser ablation of a thin surface layer causes target recoil, resulting in the depletion of orbital angular momentum and accelerated atmospheric re-entry. However, both the magnitude and direction of the recoil are shape dependent, a feature of the laser-based remediation concept that has received little attention. Since the development of a predictive capability is desirable, we have investigated the dynamical response to ablation of objects comprising a variety of shapes. We derive and demonstrate a simple analytical technique for calculating the ablation-driven transfer of linear momentum, emphasizing cases for which the recoil is not exclusively parallel to the incident beam. For the purposes of comparison and contrast, we examine one case of momentum transfer in the low-intensity regime, where photon pressure is the dominant momentum transfer mechanism, showing that shape and orientation effects influence the target response in a similar, but not identical, manner. We address the related problem of target spin and, by way of a few simple examples, show how ablation can alter the spin state of a target, which often has a pronounced effect on the recoil dynamics.     

Integrated orbit and attitude hardware-in-the-loop simulations for autonomous satellite formation flying

Development and experiment of an integrated orbit and attitude hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator for autonomous satellite formation flying are presented. The integrated simulator system consists of an orbit HIL simulator for orbit determination and control, and an attitude HIL simulator for attitude determination and control. The integrated simulator involves four processes (orbit determination, orbit control, attitude determination, and attitude control), which interact with each other in the same way as actual flight processes do. Orbit determination is conducted by a relative navigation algorithm using double-difference GPS measurements based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Orbit control is performed by a state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique that is utilized as a nonlinear controller for the formation control problem. Attitude is determined from an attitude heading reference system (AHRS) sensor, and a proportional-derivative (PD) feedback controller is used to control the attitude HIL simulator using three momentum wheel assemblies. Integrated orbit and attitude simulations are performed for a formation reconfiguration scenario. By performing the four processes adequately, the desired formation reconfiguration from a baseline of 500–1000 m was achieved with meter-level position error and millimeter-level relative position navigation. This HIL simulation demonstrates the performance of the integrated HIL simulator and the feasibility of the applied algorithms in a real-time environment. Furthermore, the integrated HIL simulator system developed in the current study can be used as a ground-based testing environment to reproduce possible actual satellite formation operations.     

模型不确定的空间机器人无力传感器阻抗控制方法

针对自由漂浮空间服务机器人在轨捕获时与服务对象的碰撞问题,提出一种考虑模型不确定情况下的无力传感器阻抗控制方法。通过将不确定模型观测的接触力和神经网络对模型不确定部分辨识得到的接触力,共同作为末端执行器与服务对象抓捕点的估计接触力和阻抗控制器的反馈,使空间机器人在模型不确定和无力传感器的情况下仍能实现与服务对象的柔性接触。数值仿真结果表明,该方法可有效降低对空间机器人动力学建模精度的要求,具有较强的工程可行性。     

成像卫星在轨智能处理技术研究进展

从成像卫星在轨智能处理技术的重要性出发,分析了现阶段国内外研究现状,并总结了星上计算资源受限、实时性要求高、缺少大规模数据集、空间环境特殊性等在轨智能面临的主要挑战.针对问题,系统总结了智能算法、硬件平台和优化技术三个方面的相关技术,其中对于遥感目标智能检测算法,详细描述了数据集、模型架构、实时性等多个方面.最后,对成...     

组网卫星电推进自主轨道保持方法

以某对地观测星座任务为背景,对基于电推进的组网卫星自主轨道保持控制方法进行研究.由地面进行标称轨道递推并定期上注,星上考虑地球非球形J2项摄动进行本星和标称星拟平均轨道参数递推,采用单边极限环方法进行面内相位保持控制.针对长期运行在对日定向模式的倾斜轨道且固定太阳翼卫星,考虑能源、程控任务、轨道偏心率等约束,设计了卫星...