太阳帆航天器移位轨道设计

研究了太阳帆日心移位轨道的稳定性、控制律设计及轨道拼接。将柱坐标形式的太阳帆动力学方程在参考移位轨道附近线性化,得到线性变分方程。分析线性变分方程的特征值在复数平面上的位置就可以得到移位轨道的稳定性条件。设计了太阳帆日心移位轨道的控制律,并证明了控制律满足稳定性条件。该控制律仅要求太阳帆在移位轨道飞行时姿态角α保持不变。此外,太阳帆移位轨道可以与开普勒轨道相互转化,也可以与移位轨道之间相互拼接。     

Magnetospheric disturbances associated with the 13 December 2006 solar flare and their ionospheric effects over North-East Asia

We present an observational study of magnetospheric and ionospheric disturbances during the December 2006 intense magnetic storm associated with the 4В/Х3.4 class solar flare. To perform the study we utilize the ground data from North–East Asian ionospheric and magnetic observatories (60–72°N, 88–152°E) and in situ measurements from LANL, GOES, Geotail and ACE satellites. The comparative analysis of ionospheric, magnetospheric and heliospheric disturbances shows that the interaction of the magnetosphere with heavily compressed solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field caused the initial phase of the magnetic storm. It was accompanied by the intense sporadic E and F2 layers and the total black-out in the nocturnal subauroral ionosphere. During the storm main phase, LANL-97A, LANL 1994_084, LANL 1989-046 and GOES_11 satellites registered a compression of the dayside magnetosphere up to their orbits. In the morning–noon sector the compression was accompanied by an absence of reflections from ionosphere over subauroral ionospheric station Zhigansk (66.8°N, 123.3°E), and a drastic decrease in the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) up to 54% of the quite one over subauroral Yakutsk station (62°N, 129.7°E). At the end of the main phase, these stations registered a sharp foF2 increase in the afternoon sector. At Yakutsk the peak foF2 was 1.9 time higher than the undisturbed one. The mentioned ionospheric disturbances occurred simultaneously with changes in the temperature, density and temperature anisotropy of particles at geosynchronous orbit, registered by the LANL-97A satellite nearby the meridian of ionospheric and magnetic measurements. The whole complex of disturbances may be caused by radial displacement of the main magnetospheric domains (magnetopause, cusp/cleft, plasma sheet) with respect to the observation points, caused by changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, the field of magnetospheric convection, and rotation of the Earth.     

GNSS-R concept extended by a fine orbit tuning

Small changes in semimajor axis of the orbits selected for the GNSS-R [R as Reflectometry] satellites, so-called fine orbit tuning, known from the ESA’s Gravity and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer mission, can dramatically increase the number of nadir and off-nadir reflecting points and, in turn, can enhance the capability of the concept of bistatic altimetry (GNSS Reflectometry) without additional costs. The application of our suggestion is feasible for a satellite which will be equipped by thrusters for the orbit keeping. During the mission lifetime several orbit tunings are feasible, just to transfer from one to another orbit. Then we can study short-periodic or longer-periodic features, according to scientific goals defined for the mission. The shortest cycles (few days), corresponding to the required revisit time (defined by ESA), may be subcycles of much longer cycles (repeat periods).     

聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜的制备与耐原子氧性能

分别以锆酸四丁酯、钛酸四丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为氧化物前驱体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜,在原子氧地面模拟设备中进行了原子氧暴露实验,原子氧累计通量约为3.1×10²⁰ atom/cm².分别考察了无机氧化物种类和含量对复合薄膜力学性能和耐原子氧性能的影响.结果表明,无机氧化物在聚酰亚胺基体中的分散形态对其力学性能影响很大;原子氧暴露后,聚酰亚胺薄膜表面分别形成了富锆、富钛和富硅的保护层,质量损失率减小,耐原子氧性能明显提高.     

挠性充液航天器超近程逼近段动力学建模与控制

超近程逼近过程中,服务航天器为刚柔液耦合的复杂系统,单摆等液体晃动模型不再适用,对这种工况下的航天器进行了动力学建模与控制的研究。采用虚功率原理推导了一种新的适用于三轴推力作用下的液体晃动等效模型,通过引入相对位置导引矢量与相对位置误差矢量,建立了相对轨道误差动力学模型,结合相对姿态动力学模型,得到超近程逼近段的刚柔液耦合的相对轨道姿态动力学模型。针对模型存在的不确定性和未知干扰,设计了基于滑模估计器的相对姿轨耦合控制律。通过数学仿真验证了控制律的有效性,仿真中的晃动结果与Flow-3D结果能够吻合,验证了晃动模型的合理性。     

Onboard orbit determination using GPS observations based on the unscented Kalman filter

Spaceborne GPS receivers are used for real-time navigation by most low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In general, the position and velocity accuracy of GPS navigation solutions without a dynamic filter are 25 m (1σ) and 0.5 m/s (1σ), respectively. However, GPS navigation solutions, which consist of position, velocity, and GPS receiver clock bias, have many abnormal excursions from the normal error range for space operation. These excursions lessen the accuracy of attitude control and onboard time synchronization. In this research, a new onboard orbit determination algorithm designed with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was developed to improve the performance. Because the UKF is able to obtain the posterior mean and covariance accurately by using the second-order Taylor series expansion through the sampled sigma points that are propagated by using the true nonlinear system, its performance can be better than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which uses the linearized state transition matrix to predict the covariance. The dynamic models for orbit propagation applied perturbations due to the 40 × 40 geo-potential, the gravity of the Sun and Moon, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The 7(8)th-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration was applied for orbit propagation. Two types of observations, navigation solutions and C/A code pseudorange, can be used at the user’s discretion. The performances of the onboard orbit determination were verified using real GPS data of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites. The results of the orbit determination were compared with the precision orbit ephemeris (POE) of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites.     

基于SOC的卫星姿轨控系统通用电模拟器设计

在某型卫星地面电联试过程中,对该卫星的姿态轨道控制系统进行接口分析及信号统计,针对其接口复杂性、信号多样性的特点,提出采用片上系统(Systemona Chip,SOC)芯片对所有部件模拟器进行通用化设计。文中给出了该型卫星通用型电模拟器硬件平台设计方案以及陀螺、反作用轮和通用接口模块的硬件配置说明,针对该型卫星姿态轨道控制系统电联试要求,对所有部件按真实接口配置成电模拟器,形成通用接口箱、敏感器电模拟器箱和执行机构电模拟器箱,并通过CAN(Controller Area Network)总线接入闭环仿真,对太阳捕获、地球捕获及正常模式进行了仿真测试,仿真结果表明通用电模拟器满足设计要求,对其他卫星的地面电联试有很好的参考价值。     

径向气体轴承-柔性转子耦合系统动力学研究

采用轨迹法对径向气体轴承(纯动压径向气体轴承、动静混合径向气体轴承)-柔性转子耦合系统的非线性动力学特性进行研究.建立柔性转子系统的多自由度模型,通过变方向隐式(ADI)方法实现瞬态气体润滑雷诺方程(含时间项)与转子动力学方程的耦合求解,通过数值仿真获得了系统在不同偏心质量作用下的非线性气膜力、轨迹图、相图、频谱图、能量谱图、分岔图、振型图及重力作用下轴承的平衡位置分布图.针对所采用的轨迹法的特点,研究了相应的非线性动力学参数获取方法.结果表明,轨迹法能够很好的描述径向气体轴承转子动力学特性及其气膜涡动现象,为径向气体轴承-柔性转子系统设计奠定基础.      

近地卫星编队构形保持方法

针对J2摄动和大气摄动导致低轨编队卫星构型破坏的情况,基于高斯摄动方程给出了以平均轨道根数为被控制量的脉冲控制模型。利用法向脉冲调整轨道倾角和升交点赤经偏差,在轨道上2个位置施加径向和切向脉冲调整其余轨道根数偏差从而修正卫星编队构形。最后通过数值仿真验证了算法的简单性、有效性。     

直接再入大气的月球返回轨道设计研究

直接再入大气的月球返回轨道是月球采样返回任务普遍采用的飞行方案。文章将月-地转移轨道设计与再入大气仿真相结合,通过两级修正策略和落点匹配使月球返回轨道既满足再入界面约束又满足再入点地理位置约束。两条分别采用弹道式和弹道-升力式再入的月球返回轨道的计算结果表明,此方法是有效的。