苏联／俄罗斯数据中继卫星系统评述

在全面收集相关资料的基础上,对苏联／俄罗斯中继卫星系统发展历史和现状给出了较为准确和明晰的描述,并从专业的角度对卫星星座、轨道位置、有效载荷及平台特性、服务范围和在轨运营等重要内容作出了技术评论。其结果对评价我国在这一领域中的成就和研发下一代卫星均具有参考价值。     

Magnetospheric disturbances associated with the 13 December 2006 solar flare and their ionospheric effects over North-East Asia

We present an observational study of magnetospheric and ionospheric disturbances during the December 2006 intense magnetic storm associated with the 4В/Х3.4 class solar flare. To perform the study we utilize the ground data from North–East Asian ionospheric and magnetic observatories (60–72°N, 88–152°E) and in situ measurements from LANL, GOES, Geotail and ACE satellites. The comparative analysis of ionospheric, magnetospheric and heliospheric disturbances shows that the interaction of the magnetosphere with heavily compressed solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field caused the initial phase of the magnetic storm. It was accompanied by the intense sporadic E and F2 layers and the total black-out in the nocturnal subauroral ionosphere. During the storm main phase, LANL-97A, LANL 1994_084, LANL 1989-046 and GOES_11 satellites registered a compression of the dayside magnetosphere up to their orbits. In the morning–noon sector the compression was accompanied by an absence of reflections from ionosphere over subauroral ionospheric station Zhigansk (66.8°N, 123.3°E), and a drastic decrease in the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) up to 54% of the quite one over subauroral Yakutsk station (62°N, 129.7°E). At the end of the main phase, these stations registered a sharp foF2 increase in the afternoon sector. At Yakutsk the peak foF2 was 1.9 time higher than the undisturbed one. The mentioned ionospheric disturbances occurred simultaneously with changes in the temperature, density and temperature anisotropy of particles at geosynchronous orbit, registered by the LANL-97A satellite nearby the meridian of ionospheric and magnetic measurements. The whole complex of disturbances may be caused by radial displacement of the main magnetospheric domains (magnetopause, cusp/cleft, plasma sheet) with respect to the observation points, caused by changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, the field of magnetospheric convection, and rotation of the Earth.     

GNSS-R concept extended by a fine orbit tuning

Small changes in semimajor axis of the orbits selected for the GNSS-R [R as Reflectometry] satellites, so-called fine orbit tuning, known from the ESA’s Gravity and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer mission, can dramatically increase the number of nadir and off-nadir reflecting points and, in turn, can enhance the capability of the concept of bistatic altimetry (GNSS Reflectometry) without additional costs. The application of our suggestion is feasible for a satellite which will be equipped by thrusters for the orbit keeping. During the mission lifetime several orbit tunings are feasible, just to transfer from one to another orbit. Then we can study short-periodic or longer-periodic features, according to scientific goals defined for the mission. The shortest cycles (few days), corresponding to the required revisit time (defined by ESA), may be subcycles of much longer cycles (repeat periods).     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜的制备与耐原子氧性能

分别以锆酸四丁酯、钛酸四丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为氧化物前驱体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜,在原子氧地面模拟设备中进行了原子氧暴露实验,原子氧累计通量约为3.1×10²⁰ atom/cm².分别考察了无机氧化物种类和含量对复合薄膜力学性能和耐原子氧性能的影响.结果表明,无机氧化物在聚酰亚胺基体中的分散形态对其力学性能影响很大;原子氧暴露后,聚酰亚胺薄膜表面分别形成了富锆、富钛和富硅的保护层,质量损失率减小,耐原子氧性能明显提高.     

基于双二体模型的月球探测器返回轨道初步设计及特性分析

双二体模型是深空探测初步轨道设计普遍采用的假设.本文针对月球探测器从月球驻留轨道返回的任务,对直接返回型轨道和间接返回型轨道,建立了基于直观六参数的返回轨道模型.通过对直观六参数及出口点时刻这些可选参数的分析,得到了约束条件和可选参数的定性关系,易于搜索满足要求的返回轨道.最后针对两种返回轨道类型的算例表明该方法是有效的.     

Sensitivity Analysis for Safety Design Verification of General Aviation Reciprocating Aircraft Engine

This paper presents an application of global sensitivity analysis for system safety analysis of reciprocating aircraft engine. Compared with local sensitivity analysis results, global sensitivity analysis could provide more information on parameter interactions, which are significant in complex system safety analysis. First, a deterministic aviation reciprocating engine thermodynamics model is developed and parameters of interest are defined as random variables. Then, samples are generated by Monte Carlo method for the parameters used in engine model on the basis of definition of factor distribution. Eventually, results from engine model are generated and importance indices are calculated. Based on the analysis results, design is improved to satisfy the airworthiness requirements. The results reveal that by using global sensitivity analysis, the parameters could be ranked with respect to their importance, including first order indices and total sensitivity indices. By reducing the uncertainty of parameters and adjusting the range of inputs, safety criteria would be satisfied.     

一种空间可展开桁架结构杆件热膨胀系数的优化设计

文章就一种空间可展开平板天线支撑桁架结构的热膨胀系数设计,针对传统靠经验试凑的情况,提出了一种热膨胀系数优化设计方法。该方法首先通过分析计算各杆件轴的热膨胀系数对热变形的影响(即计算热变形对杆件轴向热膨胀系数的敏度),根据敏度绝对值的大小对杆件进行分组;其次,在给定最大热变形约束下,将敏感杆件组的热膨胀系数设为设计变量进行优化,计算杆件热膨胀系数极值,从而确定其所能允许的可行范围;最后对计算所得的热膨胀系数范围进行了校验和参数分配,经计算,在此范围内取值符合最大变形约束要求。     

基于粒子轨迹的结冰风洞收缩段优化设计数值模拟

为了研究收缩段型面和液滴轨迹特性对结冰风洞流场品质与结冰试验效果的重要影响,获得收缩段的优化设计参数,采用数值模拟方法,使用二维简化模型对3m×2m结冰风洞收缩段的流场特性进行了研究,对几种典型收缩曲线的流场进行了计算,对比了收缩曲线对沿轴向压力分布、出口截面速度分布、不同粒径云雾粒子的极限释放距离及试验段入口云雾粒子分布的影响,结果表明:三次曲线与x_m为0.4的五次曲线不能满足流场合格指标,其他曲线流场特性差别不大,维氏曲线具有最小极限释放距离,在收缩段出口,三次曲线和五次曲线粒子包络面积最大,综合比较,x_m为0.5的五次曲线能有效兼顾流场均匀性、极限释放距离和收缩段出口粒子包络面积比.      

机身上壁板复合材料蒙皮数字化成型工艺

为解决树脂基复合材料复杂结构件工艺难以实现问题,采用三维工艺模型设计、铺层工艺仿真、铺层样片排版与数控下料、激光投影铺层定位等数字化技术,不但从根本上改变了传统的复合材料构件生产方式,解决了工艺技术难题,而且在缩短研制周期、提高产品质量,降低研制成本等方面都取得了显著的应用效果。