GH150氩弧焊接头组织和力学不均匀性研究

研究了ＧＨ１５０合金对接氩弧焊接头显微组织和力学性能的不均匀性，用金相分析和微型剪切试验等方法得到了该焊接接头各区域的微观组织和力学性能分布特性。结果表明，该焊接接头中存在着比较严重的微观组织和力学性能不均匀性，其不均匀程度在熔合线附近最为严重。因而认为熔合区是该焊接接头力学性能最薄弱的部位。同时，由微型剪切试验所得到的力学性能梯度曲线还表明，ＧＨ１５０合金是一种高强度材料，其韧塑性却偏低；在焊接接头各区域中的强度指标变化不大，但是焊缝和热影响区的韧塑性比母材降低较多。其中，焊缝的剪切变形率降低２１．８％，剪切功降低２５．５％。     

2.4m跨声速风洞大迎角试验技术研究

介绍了2.4m跨声速风洞的大迎角试验机构、试验技术,以及大迎角标模(CT-1)和某四代机等两个模型的调试试验情况。试验结果与国内、外其他风洞的试验结果具有较好的一致性,试验精度相当。标志着2.4m跨声速风洞的大迎角试验机构和试验技术研究取得了初步成功。     

VXI总线技术在运载火箭地面测试系统中的开发应用

测试系统发展到今天，系统向总线型、模块化、分布式方向发展已成定局。本文分析比较了国内外常用的测试总线标准及其测试系统，着重介绍了ＶＸＩ总线测试技术，并提出了一些开发设想。     

空中交通管理系统安全绩效评估模型研究

客观准确的安全绩效评估,可以反映出空中交通管制系统运行的安全状况,并识别出安全管理存在的薄弱环节.从管制员、空中交通管制设备、环境、管理四方面找出影响系统安全运行的过程性指标,将过程性指标与结果性指标相结合构建空中交通管制系统安全绩效评估指标体系;在模糊物元分析法的基础上,对隶属度函数的确定方法进行改进,建立基于改进的模糊物元分析法的空中交通管制系统安全绩效评估模型;利用该模型对某空中交通管制单位的安全绩效进行评估,评估结果能够反映出该单位的安全状况,并指出应当改进的环节.结果表明:本模型可以对空中交通管制系统的安全绩效作出综合评判,并可以对空中交通管制系统的安全性进行量化描述.     

Power characteristics of a variable hydraulic transformer

The flow control of hydraulic transformers is a great challenge.To meet this challenge,a new kind of hydraulic transformer,variable hydraulic transformer(VHT),is proposed in this work.This paper focuses on the power characteristics of the newly proposed VHT,including instantaneous power,average power,power pulsation,and efficiency.In the analyses,the concepts of efficiency,input power,output power,starting angle,and ceasing angle are defined or redefined.To investigate the power characteristics,their models are derived by considering the governing factors such as the control angle of the swash plate and the structure of the port plate.This work highlights that the load flow can be adjusted by adjusting the control angle of the swash plate,and the power characteristics at the B-port produce a remarkable change.In addition,the VHT has a starting angle and a ceasing angle,and these two angles can be adjusted by the influencing factors.The results reveal that the power pulsation and the jump points of the instantaneous power are the primary causes of a less smooth work.Then,it is shown that the control angle of the port plate,the control angle of the swash plate,and the pressures at the ports are the three key elements for a stable operation.The results also reveal that the adjustment of the influencing factors can improve the efficiency.     

动磁式线性电机理论研究与测试技术

本文以昆明物理研究所的SC100H线性斯特林制冷机为研究对象,对该制冷机采用的动磁式线性振荡电机磁路特性进行了理论与实验研究。建立了电机理论模型,对模型进行了结构简化以便于分析计算,利用等效磁路法和机电能量转换原理,分析电机推力特性与动子相对位置等的关系,利用拉力测试系统对电机在不同输入电流的推力特性进行了测试,测试结果与理论值很好的吻合,从而为电机结构参数和运行参数的设计优化提供了设计参考与依据。     

核推进的空间应用浅析

首先通过比较太阳系各天体探测所需速度增量与各种推力器能达到的喷射速度,阐明核推进对于太阳系探测的重要性;随后,在简要介绍几个典型的基于核推进的空间任务设计方案后,通过参数化宇航动力学分析,阐明在当前或近期可达到的技术水平下,基于各种核推力器的航天器所能实现的任务能力,并比较分析各自的优劣,指明改进方向.分析表明,化学推进的适用范围极其有限,要真正实现太阳系内广阔区域的大规模探索开发,必须依靠核推进;基于固堆核热推进的当前技术指标已经能够满足相当一部分雄心勃勃的航天任务需要,在不远的将来实现广泛应用是可以预期的;核电推进尽管在技术上已经可以实现,但要能够在近期的航天愿景任务中获得超越固堆核热推进的优势,尚须在技术上实现进一步突破,尤其需要大幅降低核电源质量.     

北京空间机电研究所50年成就与展望

文章介绍了北京空间机电研究所50年来在回收与着陆技术、航天光学遥感技术和复合材料成型技术领域所取得的成就,并对三大技术领域的后续发展进行了展望.     

无人机集群研究进展综述

集群行为是一种常见于自然界中鱼群、鸟群、蜂群等低等群居生物的集体行为，生物群中的个体仅依靠局部感知作用和简单的通信规则自主决定其运动状态，并且从简单的局部规则涌现出协同的整体行为。受此启发，提出了无人机集群作战的概念。无人机集群作战是指依靠大量低成本、速度快、适应能力强、易于携带和投射的无人机形成规模优势，从而取得战争的主动权。由于无人机集群技术的重要战略地位，中美俄等军事大国均开始重视无人机集群技术的持续发展。介绍了无人机集群的研究动机，从模型、协议和平台3个角度总结了研究方法，重点分析了几种典型作战模式以及涉及的若干关键技术。综上所述，集群技术在军事方面具有重要的应用价值，必将引领全新的作战模式。     

Proposal for a United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative

The United Nations Programme on Space Applications, implemented by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, promotes the benefits of space-based solutions for sustainable economic and social development. The Programme assists Member States of the United Nations to establish indigenous capacities for the use of space technology and its applications. In the past the Programme has primarily been focusing on the use of space applications and on basic space science activities. However, in recent years there has been a strong interest in a growing number of space-using countries to build space technology capacities, for example, the ability to develop and operate small satellites. In reaction to this development, the United Nations in cooperation with the International Academy of Astronautics has been organizing annual workshops on small satellites in the service of developing countries. Space technology related issues have also been addressed as part of various other activities of the Programme on Space Applications. Building on these experiences, the Office for Outer Space Affairs is now considering the launch of a new initiative, preliminarily titled the United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative (UNBSTI), to promote basic space technology development. The initiative would be implemented in the framework of the Programme on Space Applications and its aim would be to help building sustainable capacities for basic space technology education and development, thereby advancing the operational use of space technology and its applications.