对地观测卫星区域综合组网及性能分析方法研究

明确了卫星综合组网和区域组网的概念 ,研究在对地观测卫星区域组网中卫星网的综合设计原则 ,提出确定区域组网中卫星轨道平面与卫星数量的一般方法 ,初步建立卫星网性能分析的指标体系和评估模型。     

Integrated drought monitoring index: A tool to monitor agricultural drought by using time-series datasets of space-based earth observation satellites

In this study, integrated drought monitoring index (IDMI) was proposed as a tool to assess and monitor the spatio-temporal dynamics of agricultural drought during the northeast monsoon season for the period from 2000 to 2016 in Tamil Nadu state, south-eastern part of Indian peninsula. The IDMI is characterized as the principal component of precipitation condition index (PCI), soil moisture condition index (SMCI), temperature condition index (TCI), and vegetation condition index (VCI) derived from time-series satellite observations of climate hazards group infra-red precipitation with stations (CHIRPS), European space agency climate change initiative (ESA-CCI) and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). The study shows that in the year 2016, about 44.4 and 17.8% of Tamil Nadu state was under extreme and severe drought conditions, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the study shows that PCI is the most influential parameter to IDMI, followed by VCI and TCI. The validation of IDMI with 3-month standardized precipitation index (SPI) by using Pearson correlation test shows a strong positive correlation between IDMI and 3-month SPI with correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.73 and 0.77 for the wet (2005) and dry year (2016), respectively. The study clearly demonstrates the potential of IDMI derived from time-series datasets of earth observation satellites as a tool in assessment and monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics of agricultural drought. The proposed IDMI could be effectively used as a reliable tool to monitor agricultural drought and develop its mitigation strategies to minimise the adverse effects of drought on agriculture, water resources, and livelihoods of the people.     

卫星单圈单弧段观测数据误差估计

通过建立准确的被观测目标的动力学模型,构造出了基于精密轨道确定与预报的卫星单圈单弧段观测数据误差的辨识与剔除方法,有效克服了基于多项式拟合方法存在的以误差辨误差的缺陷。     

区域观察小卫星星座重构方法研究

在对地观测任务中，经过优化设计的卫星星座通常具有较强的适应能力。但是，当星座中某颗卫星失效或地面需求发生变化时，就需要进行星座重构，以恢复或增强对部分地区的观察能力。提出了小卫星区域观察组网的方法，重点探讨了在应急情况下区域观察小卫星星座的重构问题，研究了节省能量的卫星轨道机动方法，特别提出了保持轨道属性和星座基本构形的预置量机动方法，分析了应急机动星座重构的几种情况，给出了每种情况的星座重构策略。     

无陀螺卫星姿态的二阶插值非线性滤波估计

采用四元数作为姿态描述参数，提出了一种确定无陀螺卫星姿态的新方法，即二阶插值非线性姿态估计算法，它能够利用星敏感器提供的矢量观测信息准确地估计三轴稳定卫星的姿态。这种姿态估计算法的实现非常简单，其运算量与传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波姿态估计算法相当，但滤波性能却与基于二阶泰勒级数近似得到的非线性姿态估计算法一致。而且，在二阶插值非线性姿态估计算法中，不会遇到由四元数正交约束所造成的协方差阵奇异性问题。     

对空间目标成像的伴随小卫星系统设计

对空间目标（神舟七号飞船）动态成像的伴随卫星系统的有关技术条 件和参数进行了分析和设计。设计双焦距光学系统适应大纵深范围成像,利用偏置动量稳定 减小释放后初始姿态扰动度,配合章动特点扩大观测视场,采用姿态导引律实现对观测 目标 的姿态指向跟踪,并给出满足清晰观测的相机参数设计。该卫星系统设计成功应用于神舟七 号载人飞行任务,并成功完成了首次对飞船在轨运行的全景照相观测,在轨试验结果表明伴 星系统各项技术条件和参数的设计是合理的,可以很好的完成对目标的清晰成像。
     

基于约束满足的多星对区域目标观测活动协同

多星对区域目标观测活动的协同问题是卫星任务规划与调度领域的新问题。讨论了采用多星协同模式观测区域目标的必要性，描述了协同问题的研究内容。基于约束满足理论，建立了多星协同问题的约束优化问题模型，提出了一种禁忌算法与约束传播相结合的求解机制。最后，以仿真算例验证了模型与算法的正确性和优化性能。     

The realization and convergence analysis of combined PPP based on raw observation

In order to speed up Precise Point Positioning (PPP)’s convergence, a combined PPP method with GPS and GLONASS which is based on using raw observations is proposed, and the positioning results and convergence time have been compared with that of single system. The ionospheric delays and receiver’s Differential Code Bias (DCB) corrections are estimated as unknown parameters in this method. The numerical results show that the combined PPP has not caused significant impacts on the final solutions, but it greatly improved Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) and convergence speed and enhanced the reliability of the solution. Meanwhile, the convergence speed is greatly influenced by the receiver’s DCB, positioning results in horizontal which are better than 10 cm can be realized within 10 min. In addition, the ionosphere and DCB products can be provided with high precision.     

光子TOA与自转频率误差对Crab脉冲星脉冲TOA估计的影响

为量化分析Crab脉冲星X射线波段光子到达时间（TOA）测量误差和自转频率误差对脉冲TOA估计的影响，仿真生成了13 200组带有不同光子TOA测量误差的光子TOA数据。采用含有不同大小自转频率误差的Crab脉冲星星历，通过历元折叠建立积分脉冲轮廓，与标准脉冲轮廓作互相关运算获得各组仿真观测的脉冲TOA测量误差，进一步计算出各误差参数组的仿真观测脉冲TOA测量误差均方根（RMS）。仿真结果表明，为使Crab脉冲星脉冲TOA短期测量精度达到30 ~300 μs量级的要求，有效面积为6 000 cm2和30 cm2的探测器脉冲星自转频率误差均应小于3×10-6 Hz，30 cm2的探测器光子TOA的偶然误差同时应控制在500 μs以内。     

量子光谱成像技术及其在对地观测中的应用前景

综述了量子光谱成像技术的发展概况,简述了量子光谱成像原理的理论,详细介绍了纠缠双光子源的鬼成像,亚波长干涉以及热光的无透镜成像和热光的非定域双缝干涉实验及其原理。最后对量子光谱成像技术在未来的军用和民用对地观测的应用方面做出了展望。