深空探测智能遥感技术展望

在深空探测背景下,采用传统遥感方式进行探测带有一定的局限性,文章以美国为例介绍了智能遥感技术的发展情况。分析了深空探测任务对于传统遥感器的新需求,提出在深空探测信息智能化获取模式、深空探测遥感器参数智能化调整和在轨数据智能化处理3个方面开展深空目标智能遥感研究,以解决传统遥感器在深空探测中面临的局限。重点阐述了实现深空探测智能遥感的关键技术。最后提出中国深空探测智能遥感技术的发展建议。     

Strategy to search fragments from breakups in GEO

This paper proposes a strategy to search fragments from breakups in the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) region based upon population prediction and motion prediction by means of ground-based optical observations. Breakup fragments have uncertainties in the states such as their position and motion, or even in their existence. Population prediction and motion prediction resolve those uncertainties. Population prediction evaluates the time-averaged distribution of fragments, whose position at a given time is unknown, in the celestial sphere. Motion prediction evaluates the expected motion of fragments appeared in image series acquired by a telescope’s CCD camera. This paper logically describes procedures of the search strategy, and provides mathematical expressions of population prediction and motion prediction. This paper also validates the search strategy via actual observations, in which a confirmed breakup in the GEO region is selected as a target. It is concluded that the proposed strategy is valid even for searching uncataloged fragments from breakups in the GEO region.     

Shape and motion estimate of LEO debris using light curves

We have derived a tri-axial ellipsoidal model of an LEO object, a Cosmos 2082 rocket body, including its rotational axis direction, rotation period, precession, and a compositional parameter, using only light curve data from an optical telescope. The brightness of the object was monitored for two days and least-squares fitting was used to determine these values. The derived axial ratios are 100:18:18, the coordinates of the rotational axis direction on the celestial sphere are R.A. = 305.8° and Dec. = 2.6°, and its observed average rotation period is 41 s. When precession is considered, its amplitude and precession period are 30.5° and 29.4 min. These results show that optical light curve data are sufficient to determine the shapes and the motions of LEO objects.     

应用于卫星自主任务调度的改进遗传算法

针对具有侧摆能力的对地观测卫星的自主任务调度问题,对卫星自主任务调度问题和约束条件进行了描述,针对卫星自主任务调度NP-hard的特点,构建了基于目标收益及多约束卫星任务调度模型。设计了一种改进的遗传算法,从遗传操作的各个部分进行算法优化。首先将小区间法应用于初始种群生成,保证了种群的多样性,并且交叉和变异算子均引入自适应概率;同时采用两代竞争技术来避免“早熟”现象,提高算法的效率和鲁棒性。算法还采用最优保留策略用来保存进化中的最优解,使得算法收敛于全局最优。对局部多冲突观测任务应用该改进遗传算法,并针对区域密集目标的观测问题设计了仿真试验,与传统模拟退火算法及免疫蚁群遗传混合算法进行了比较,验证了该算法的有效性和收敛效果。     

多星任务规划中的FFFS-DTMB与ADTPC-DTMB算法

 多星对地观测任务规划是一类典型组合优化问题,针对该问题中常见的时间窗口冲突问题,根据同一时间窗口内的冲突任务的处理方式提出了两种有效处理此类问题的规划算法：带有冲突任务时间窗口后移的先完成先规划算法(FFFS DTMB)以及冲突任务共存性判断算法(ADTPC DTMB),并给出了关键步骤的算法过程与伪代码。完整的卫星任务规划过程包括了约束检查、优先级检查以及任务规划,不考虑任务间关系与优先级,主要研究处理具有时间窗口冲突的任务规划算法。文中给出的两种算法优化目标均为最大化规划任务数量。算法的主要思路是通过采用一个冲突任务替换一个已规划的任务,并将替换任务后移至下一时间窗口或在同一时间窗口内部后移。最终的评价结果显示了两种算法的有效性。     

Ocean Observation from Haiyang Satellites: 2012–2014

During 2012 and 2014, China has two Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese, referred to as HY) satellites operating normally in space which are HY-1B and HY-2A. HY-1B is an ocean color environment satellite which was launched in April 2007 to observe global ocean color and sea surface temperature, and HY-2A is an ocean dynamic environment satellite which was launched in August 2011 to obtain global marine dynamic environment parameters including sea surface height,significant wave height, ocean wind vectors, etc. Ocean observation data provided by HY-1B and HY-2A have been widely used by both domestic and international users in extensive areas such as ocean environment protection, ocean disaster prevention and reduction, marine environment forecast,ocean resource development and management, ocean investigations and scientific researches, etc.     

强磁暴期间磁尾高速流的多卫星联合观测

使用多时空尺度的多卫星数据研究磁尾高速流,已经取得了很多重要成果。文章介绍了一次持续时间大约为3天的强磁暴期间的地磁台站和多卫星联合观测。IMAGE卫星的极光观测表明有14个孤立亚暴发生。运行在靠近磁尾的CLUSTER星簇（C1、C3卫星）和运行在靠近地球的DSP-1卫星均观测到了多次地向和尾向高速整体流。多卫星联合观测给出了不同位置处地向和尾向高速整体流的分布特征。     

多星近距离绕飞观测任务姿轨耦合控制研究

针对多星近距离绕飞观测任务,建立了相对姿态轨道动力学模型,分别考虑了在椭圆、空间圆绕飞轨道上观测卫星的两种期望三角形编队构型,以观测卫星视线始终指向目标为期望姿态,采用基于四元数和角速度误差反馈的比例 微分控制律以及一种改进的基于人工势场法的制导方法相结合,对相对姿态及轨道进行控制。仿真结果表明：在控制律的作用下,绕飞过程中各观测卫星均能够有效地跟踪期望相对姿态和期望相对轨道;在空间圆绕飞轨道构型中,各观测卫星从初始同一位置出发后,在任意时刻3颗观测卫星构成的编队构型始终为正三角形,且正三角形的边长从零逐渐增大,最终等于期望正三角形构型的边长。     

小天地大社会--评简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》

简·奥斯汀独特的生活经历决定了她狭小的文学创作题材,但她敏锐的观察与奇特的敏感却使读者从她的作品中觉察到当时广阔的社会现实.     

基于改进多模型的火星大气进入自适应估计方法

针对火星进入过程中大气密度等不确定参数对导航系统状态估计精度的影响,提出了一种基于改进混合专家框架的多模型自适应估计方法。该方法对进入过程中不同的测量信息进行规范化处理,以克服传统多模型自适应估计方法稳定性差、数值下溢等固有缺陷,进一步提高状态估计精度。将其应用于火星不同进入探测方式下的导航场景进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:该方法在动力学系统模型参数存在不确定扰动时能获得精确的状态估计,可以满足未来定点着陆探测对导航系统的精度需求。