自旋导弹飞行共振稳定性研究

弹体滚转时,结构不对称等因素会对导弹的角运动产生周期性的强迫干扰。针对自旋导弹飞行过程中的周期性干扰和非线性气动特性,建立了非线性弹体角运动模型。在此基础上,采用多尺度法对自旋导弹的受迫角运动方程进行了求解,得到了近似解析解并研究了其稳定性。研究表明,当弹体转动速率接近固有频率时,气动非线性项及干扰项都将影响弹体角运动的稳定性;分析结果显示,合理地设计气动外形可避免共振不稳定的发生,这对自旋类导弹的工程研制具有一定的指导性意义。     

Global structure,seasonal and interannual variability of the eastward propagating tides seen in the SABER/TIMED temperatures (2002–2007)

The present paper is focused on the global spatial (altitude and latitude) structure, seasonal and interannual variability of the most stable in amplitude and phase eastward propagating diurnal and semidiurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers 2 and 3 derived from the SABER/TIMED temperatures for full 6 years (January 2002–December 2007). The tidal results are obtained by an analysis method where the tides (migrating and nonmigrating) and the planetary waves (zonally travelling, zonally symmetric and stationary) are simultaneously extracted from the satellite data. It has been found that the structures of the eastward propagating diurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers 3 and 2 change from antisymmetric with respect to the equator below ∼85 km height, to more symmetric above ∼95 km. The seasonal behavior of the DE3 is dominated by annual variation with maximum in August–September reaching average (2002–2007) amplitude of ∼15 K, while that of the DE2 by semiannual variation with solstice maxima and with average amplitude of ∼8 K. These tides revealed some interannual variability with a period of quasi-2 years. The seasonal behavior of the eastward propagating semidiurnal tide with zonal wavenumber 2 in the southern hemisphere (SH) is dominated by annual variation with maximum in the austral summer (November–January) while that in the northern hemisphere (NH) by semiannual variation with equinoctial maxima. The SE2 maximizes near 115 km height and at latitude of ∼30° reaching an average amplitude of ∼6 K. The seasonal behavior of the eastward propagating semidiurnal tide with zonal wavenumber 3 in both hemispheres indicates a main maximum during June solstice and a secondary one during December solstice. The tide maximizes near 110–115 km height and at a latitude of ∼30° reaching an average amplitude of ∼4.8 K in the SH and ∼4 K in the NH. The tidal structures of the two eastward propagating semidiurnal tides are predominantly antisymmetric about the equator.     

Wave perturbations in the MLT at high northern latitudes in winter,observed by two SATI instruments

To investigate the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region, several ground-based instruments called SATI (Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager) were designed and built to measure airglow emission and temperature in the upper mesosphere. One SATI instrument was installed at Resolute Bay (74.7°N, 94.9°W) and has monitored the polar MLT region since November, 2001. In October 2007 another SATI instrument was installed at Eureka (80.0°N, 86.3°W) at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) as part of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) project. SATI is a spatial scanning Fabry–Perot spectrometer measuring column emission rates for several rotational lines of OH and O₂ airglow at 87 and 94 km height. The rotational temperatures are inferred from the ratios of these lines. The measurements are divided into 12 sectors with an annular field of view. The phase differences between the sectors yield information on the horizontal atmospheric wave direction and wavelength. Horizontal perturbations of 2–8 h period have correlatively been observed and investigated at both locations. Short-periodic oscillations identified as gravity waves with periods between 2 and 8 h propagate in southward and eastward directions, but in opposite directions in some cases. The wave propagation characteristics are often different at the two locations; the relationship with the lower mean wind is considered.     

柔性飞机大变形状态飞行载荷分析

飞行载荷分析中综合考虑了结构大变形的几何非线性效应以及曲面气动力效应.飞机结构由相互连接的可以表征任意变形的几何非线性欧拉梁表示,升力面由展向以及弦向分布的涡环网格表示.计算时通过曲面网格动态跟踪结构的变形不断修改气动力影响系数矩阵,反复迭代求解气动力和结构变形直至结构变形收敛.给出了风洞试验机翼模型以及无约束定常平飞模型算例.计算结果表明:在小变形阶段该方法与线性计算方法的结果基本一致,非线性效应不明显;大变形阶段由于曲面气动力的非线性效应,计算结果与线性方法的有显著差别.分析表明该方法在大变形阶段的计算结果比线性结果更为合理,数值计算时间短,适合于工程快速分析.     

超小型直升机动力学模型的建模、辨识与验证

为实现超小型直升机的自动控制飞行,需建立较为精确的动力学模型.考虑机体、主旋翼/稳定杆和尾桨间的耦合对飞行动态特性的影响,建立了AF25B型超小型直升机的连续线性时不变系统模型.设计并配置了机载设备,完成在遥控飞行状态下的飞行数据采集与存储.通过时域系统辨识方法,辨识了直升机在悬停状态下的模型参数,并对辨识结果进行验证和分析,表明所建模型能充分反映该型直升机悬停状态下的动态特性.     

非质心特征点相对位置和姿态估计方法研究

卫星编队飞行中,从星星体上偏离质心的任意特征点,其相对位置和相对姿态运动耦合。本文针对任意点的相对状态估计问题,推导了耦合相对轨道动力学方程和无陀螺相对姿态动力学方程,并且基于PSD敏感器对主星上点光源的视线测量值,提出了基于特征点耦合动力学和质心传统动力学的两种相对状态估计策略。针对每种策略分别设计了EKF和UKF两种滤波算法对相对状态进行估计。最后通过数学仿真对算法的有效性进行了验证,并对其计算量进行了分析。结果表明,四种算法均能对特征点的相对状态进行较高精度的估计。     

基于航行力学思想的坐标系研究

针对理论分析及工程实践对传统研究武器系统在多种介质环境中运动的学科提出的要求,提出了建立"航行力学"的构想。首先提出了航行与航行器的概念;其次将航行器在水中、大气中、外太空等不同介质环境下的坐标系及空间位置与姿态进行了定义;最后,讨论了航行器各坐标系的相互关系及转换,为初步建立航行力学理论奠定了基础。     

基于有限元法的金属材料静强度破坏准则应用研究

根据1种基于有限元法的金属材料静强度破坏准则,设计了2种净截面积相同的缺口试件,用弹塑性、大应变、大变形的非线性有限元方法对试件在静载荷作用下的破坏载荷进行了计算,并进行了试验验证。计算结果与试验结果相比误差很小,很好地验证了基于有限元法的金属材料静强度破坏准则。     

Z型翼变体飞机的纵向多体动力学特性

机翼变形时,变体飞机的翼面积、惯性特性、全机焦点和重心位置等均会发生较大的变化,从而引起飞机的动态特性也随之改变。为此对机翼变形过程中的Z型翼变体飞机进行了纵向多体动力学建模仿真;推导了变形过程中变体飞机的六自由度非线性动力学方程,并通过简化得到了解耦后的纵向动力学方程。机翼折叠动态过程的气动特性数值模拟结果表明,不同折叠角速度下飞机的气动力相差不大。在机翼折叠角速度较小且忽略非定常气动效应的情况下,采用气动力准定常假设对变形过程中不同机翼折叠角速度下变体飞机的纵向响应进行了数值仿真,并研究了重心位置移动和气动特性变化对飞机变形过程动态特性的影响规律。结果表明,折叠过程中气动特性的变化是影响飞机动态特性的主要因素,机翼折叠后飞机的速度和迎角增加,且飞行高度下降较大。     

飞行器失稳平面振荡运动的物理机制

基于全局亚迭代耦合求解非定常流体动力学方程和刚体动力学方程(CFD/RBD),研究动不稳定飞行器在自由俯仰与自由沉浮二自由度下自激发平面失稳运动的非定常特征。数值研究表明:超声速锥-柱-裙飞行器的平面失稳运动发展为极限环形式,并伴随着波系结构非定常变化;平面运动保持了自由俯仰基本运动特征,但同步自由沉浮使得极限环周期运动的振幅更小、频率更快;平面自由运动中飞行器绕靠近头部的"不动点"转动。基于第二拉格朗日方程和虚功原理,导出能够描述迟滞现象的参数化非线性动力学模型。多尺度近似分析(MTS)获得参数化运动特征:自激振动过程是拟简谐运动;平衡点阻尼是决定运动稳定特性的分叉参数;振幅特性与阻尼非线性相关,频率特性与刚度非线性相关;模型分析证实了平面自由运动的"不动点"现象并自洽地解释了沉浮自由度存在使得极限环振幅变小的动力学机制。非线性模型的理论分析、重构都与数值结果高度一致,从而有效地佐证了自激振荡建模研究的合理性。