稳态等离子体推力器羽流数值模拟

以国内研制的稳态等离子体推力器羽流为研究对象,建立了基于粒子单元法和直接蒙特卡罗模拟法的数值仿真模型,简化了电子动量方程,运用Boltzmann关系式求解了等离子体电势,研究了羽流电子数密度、离子电流密度及流场温度分布。通过与实验数据和已有数值结果对比,以验证模型和编制的程序。研究表明,羽流出口下游0.3~1.0 m处的羽流中心电子数密度约为2.5×1016~5×1015m-3,电流密度约为65~1 A/m2。文中工作对分析等离子体羽流污染具有参考意义。     

固体推进剂羽焰红外辐射强度测试技术

针对低特征信号推进剂研究的需要,研制了羽焰红外辐射测试系统,并进行了几种配方的推进剂羽焰红外辐射强度测试。该系统主要包括探测单元、光路系统、信号处理单元和自校准黑体等,测试精度优于4％,使用性能良好,能准确表征推进剂红外辐射的水平。     

固体火箭发动机喷管及羽流流场的数值分析

采用FLUENT流动计算软件对某空射型导弹发动机的喷管及羽流流场进行了一体化的数值仿真研究,分析了导弹飞行高度和马赫数对喷管羽流流动的影响。仿真结果与地面热试车观察到的结果相吻合,可为固体火箭发动机的研究开发提供参考。     

固体火箭发动机羽烟特征信号的分类及测试评估概述

介绍了国外低特征信号固体推进剂分类标准和固体火箭发动机羽烟特征信号分类及测试技术等方面的工作,主要内容涉及发动机羽烟特征信号的定义、产生根源、对使用的影响、理论预估及特征信号测试评估的各种实验方法和设施,并预示了羽烟特征信号测试与评估的发展方向。     

Infrared radiation signature of exhaust plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics

The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term.     

NOx羽烟引起的局部电离层电子密度扰动

通过空间飞行器抛出羽烟的球状近似，研究白天ＮＯ和ＮＯ２羽烟在Ｅ层的扩散，光化学过程及它们对电子密度的影响。由于光致电离和郭解复合反应，抛出的ＮＯ羽烟在Ｅ层造成电子密度最大７．５倍的瞬时增加，而ＮＯ２羽烟可以使Ｅ层下部电子密度瞬时升高达２４倍。     

Nighttime thermospheric meridional neutral winds inferred from ionospheric h′F and hpF2 data

Nighttime thermospheric meridional winds aligned to the magnetic meridian have been inferred using h′F and hpF2 ionosonde data taken from two equatorial stations, Manaus (2.9°S, 60.0°W, dip latitude 6.0°N) and Palmas (10.17°S, 48.2°W, dip latitude 6.2°S), and one low-latitude station, Sao Jose dos Campos (23.21°S, 45.86°W, dip latitude 17.26°S), during geomagnetic quiet days of August and September, 2002. Using an extension of the ionospheric servo model and a simple formulation of the diffusive vertical drift velocity, the magnetic meridional component of the thermospheric neutral winds is inferred, respectively, at the peak (hpF2) and at the base (h′F) heights of the F region over Sao Jose dos Campos. An approach has been included in the models to derive the effects of the electrodynamic drift over Sao Jose dos Campos from the time derivative of hpF2 and h′F observed at the equatorial stations. The magnetic meridional winds inferred from the two methods, for the months of August and September, are compared with winds calculated using the HWM-90 model and with measurements from Fabry–Perot technique. The results show varying agreements and disagreements. Meridional winds calculated from hpF2 ionospheric data (servo model) may produce errors of about 59 m/s, whereas the method calculated from the F-region base height (h′F) ionospheric data gives errors of about 69 m/s during the occurrence of equatorial spread-F.     

Mars Express/ASPERA-3/NPI and IMAGE/LENA observations of energetic neutral atoms in Earth and Mars orbit

The low energy neutral atom imagers on Mars Express and IMAGE have revealed that the neutral atom populations in interplanetary space come from a variety of sources and challenge our current understanding of heliospheric physics. For example, both in cruise phase and at Mars, the neutral particle instrument NPD on Mars Express observed “unexplained neutral beams” unrelated to Mars which appear to be either of heliospheric or solar wind origin. Likewise, the NPI instrument on Mars Express has revealed streams of neutral atoms with different properties than those observed by NPD. Independently, IMAGE/LENA has reported neutral atom observations that may be interpreted as a “secondary stream” having different characteristics and flowing from a higher ecliptic longitude than the nominal upstream direction. Both sets of observations do not appear to fit in easily with the neutral atom environment from 1.0 to 1.57 AU as it is currently understood. In this paper, we examine some highly suggestive similarities in the IMAGE/LENA and Mars Express/ASPERA-3/NPI data to try to determine potential origins for the observed signal.     

微波等离子推力器真空羽流模拟计算

粒子节点－直接模拟蒙特卡罗法（DSMC）是求解稀薄气体流动的数值模拟方法，采用轴对称硬球模型、随机取样频率法对微波等离子推力器（MPT）的真空羽流进行了数值模拟计算，为了提高计算效率和节省计算机内存，采用了随机取样频率法（RSF）和加权技术。对MPT真空羽流的浓度、速度和温度分布进行了计算，并对羽流污染进行了分析。计算结果对以后MPT真空羽流场测试和航天器一体化设计提供了参考。     

火箭排气特征研究进展

概要论述火箭排气特征的内涵及研究排气特征的重要意义,着重介绍和评述在理论预估与实验测量两方面的研究进展情况,指山了今后的研究方向。