Coronal Heating: a Comparison of Ion-cyclotron and Gravity Damping Models

SOHO/UVCS data indicate that minor ions in the corona are heated more than hydrogen, and that coronal heating results in T_⊥ larger than T_‖. Analogous behavior has been known from in situ measurements in solar wind for many years. Here we compare and contrast two mechanisms which have been proposed to account for the above behavior: ion-cyclotron resonance and gravity damping. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acoustic κ-density fluctuation waves in suprathermal κ function fluids

We describe a new wave mode similar to the acoustic wave in which both density and velocity fluctuate. Unlike the acoustic wave in which the underlying distribution is Maxwellian, this new wave mode occurs when the underlying distribution is a suprathermal κ-function and involves fluctuations in the power law index, κ. This wave mode always propagates faster than the acoustic wave with an equivalent effective temperature and becomes the acoustic wave in the Maxwellian limit as κ → ∞.     

Progress in the Study of Galaxies: Structures,Collective Phenomena and Methods

The review contains the important achievements in dynamics of the galactic disks. Among them there are I. New structures discovered recently: • giant vortices (including giant anticyclone in the Solar vicinity); • slow bar; • inner oscillating structure within spiral arms similar that of enveloped soliton; • chaotic streamlines in the velocity field of the gaseous disk of a real galaxy. II. New collective phenomina discovered recently: • new overreflection instability initiating ‘mini-spiral’ in the innermost central parsec of Galaxy; • large-scale convection caused by nonlinear interaction of density wave with disk gas; • non-kolmogorovian spectrum of weak turbulence corresponding to the observed one in the • Solar vicinity. III. New methods worked out recently: • reconstruction of full three-dimensional vector field of gas velocity from the observed line-of- • sight velocity field; • observational test for verification of the wave-nature of the spiral arms; • observational test to distinguish two types of vertical motions: warp and z-motions in the • density wave; • derivation of correct system of two-dimensional dynamical equations from the initial three- • dimensional one. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

混合解析/数值方法在含高频振荡点源项的欧拉方程数值计算上的应用

 通过模型方程分析看到了一个重要的现象, 如果源项涉及的时间尺度远小于对流项的时间尺度, 那么基于对流时间尺度作为步长的传统数值方法, 即使源项相对于墩流项是个小量, 也会导致平均尺度上错误的结果。为了克服这种困难, 采用时间分裂方法, 把方程分裂成含对流项部分的偏微分方程( PDE) 和包含源项的常微分方程(ODE) 基础上, PDE 使用传统的数值方法, ODE 用解析的方法求解。该混合方法在数值格式时间步长小于平均流动时间尺度时, 得到正确解, 而与点源所隐含的时间尺度无关。把这个方法应用在含源流动的Euler 方程的计算中, 计算了翼型振荡问题, 取得了理想的结果。     

Propagation of interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere

This paper is devoted to the study of propagation of disturbances caused by interplanetary shocks (IPS) through the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using simultaneous observations of various fast forward shocks by different satellites in the solar wind, magnetosheath and magnetosphere from 1995 till 2002, we traced the interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere, we calculated the velocity of their propagation into the Earth’s magnetosphere and analyzed fronts of the disturbances. From the onset of disturbances at different satellites in the magnetosphere we obtained speed values ranging from 500 to 1300 km/s in the direction along the IP shock normal, that is in a general agreement with results of previous numerical MHD simulations. The paper discusses in detail a sequence of two events on November 9th, 2002. For the two cases we estimated the propagation speed of the IP shock caused disturbance between the dayside and nightside magnetosphere to be 590 km/s and 714–741 km/s, respectively. We partially attributed this increase to higher Alfven speed in the outer magnetosphere due to the compression of the magnetosphere as a consequence of the first event, and partially to the faster and stronger driving interplanetary shock. High-time resolution GOES magnetic field data revealed a complex structure of the compressional wave fronts at the dayside geosynchronous orbit during these events, with initial very steep parts (10 s). We discuss a few possible mechanisms of such steep front formation in the paper.     

磁重联区Alfven波及新生离子的加速

利用二维混合数值模拟研究了有速度驱动、低等离子体β值情况下的磁场重联过程，结果表明磁重联过程可以产生Alfven波，该Alfven波动对重新区中的新生离子作用，使得新生离子经历投掷角散射方程，具有球壳分布特征，部分新生离子得到加速，其获得的最大能量约为4（miVA0^2/2)，此加速过程所需的加速时间在100／Ωi量级，是一个极快的加速机制，加速粒子能谱为双幂律谱。     

大气重力波引起的突发钠层的模拟研究

应用钠原子和中性大气分子的质量连续性方程来模拟突发纳层（SSL），垂直风场采用接近实际大气重力波的正弦行波模式，结果较好地反映了SSL的形成过程。SSL的形成时刻在5－15min之间并可持续到30min之后，形成高度大约在90－100km之间，峰宽为0.5-2km之间，这些都与实际观测SSL的特点相符，同时还进一步地研究了当重力波参数（主要指垂直波长和周期）、风速以及常态钠层半宽度发生变化时SSL的变化趋势。     

Solar wind dependence of the Pc1 wave activity

There are a host of factors influencing the excitation of Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, which are ULF waves in the frequency range between 0.2 and 5 Hz. We have studied carefully the dependence of the pearl-type Pc1 activity at Sodankylä, Finland (L = 5.1) on the plasma density N in front of the magnetosphere, the bulk velocity V of the solar wind, and the intensity B of the IMF. The result is as follows: high values of N and reduced values of V are favorable to appearance of Pc1, whereas the dependence of Pc1 activity on B is practically absent. We also show that the probability of Pc1 occurrence decreases with the interplanetary electric field, and increases with solar wind impact pressure and with the plasma to magnetic pressure ratio “beta”.     

基于线性频散信号构建的复杂航空结构Lamb波高分辨率损伤成像

在对复杂航空结构的Lamb波损伤成像中,Lamb波频散容易使信号波包发生扩展和变形,从而降低信号的分辨率,并最终影响损伤监测结果,因此Lamb波频散补偿已成为急需解决的一个重要问题。目前常用的频散补偿方法需要理论计算Lamb波频散曲线,难以适用于复杂航空结构。本文利用现场直接测得的相对波数曲线进行线性频散信号构建(Linearly-dispersive signal construction,LDSC)的频散补偿处理,解决了航空复杂结构中Lamb波频散难以补偿的问题。然后,将LDSC用于延迟叠加损伤成像中,以实现高分辨率损伤成像。为了降低多反射的复杂航空结构形式对成像结果的影响,引入了1.5波峰正弦调制的准宽带Lamb波激励波形。最后通过在真实复杂的某型飞机大梁结构上的实验证明了所提方法的有效性。     

低中等雷诺数超声速轴对称射流气动声场

采用线性抛物化稳定性方程(LPSE)方法对低、中等雷诺数条件下的超声速轴对称射流进行了研究。结果表明:射流中不稳定波的增长特性决定了声辐射的特性。在低雷诺数条件下,不稳定波的频率范围较窄,且由于不稳定波的增长区间较长,因此声辐射的范围较宽,声源不集中,声辐射的方向角不明确。在中雷诺数条件下,不稳定波的频率范围较宽,且由于不稳定波的增长区间较短,因此声辐射的范围较窄,声源集中,声辐射的方向角较明确;且随着斯特劳哈尔数增加,声辐射的方向角增加。在低雷诺数条件下,射流基本流的法向速度对射流气动声场的影响较弱,而在中等雷诺数条件下,其对射流的气动声场影响较强。