Multi-instrument observations of large-scale atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with enhanced auroral activity over Svalbard

This study reports on observations of large-scale atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances (AGWs/TIDs) using Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC) and Fabry–Perot Interferometer’s (FPI’s) intensity of oxygen red line emission at 630?nm measurements over Svalbard on the night of 6 January 2014. TEC large-scale TIDs have primary periods ranging between 29 and 65?min and propagate at a mean horizontal velocity of $～$749–761?m/s with azimuth of $～$345–347$°$ (which corresponds to poleward propagation direction). On the other hand, FPI large-scale AGWs have larger periods of $～$42–142?min. These large-scale AGWs/TIDs were linked to enhanced auroral activity identified from co-located all-sky camera and IMAGE magnetometers. Similar periods, speed and poleward propagation were found for the all-sky camera ($～$60–97?min and $～$823?m/s) and the IMAGE magnetometers ($～$32–53?min and $～$708?m/s) observations. Joule heating or/and particle precipitation as a result of auroral energy injection were identified as likely generation mechanisms for these disturbances.     

螺栓连接松动的导波监测技术综述

螺栓连接件使结构易于安装或拆卸,同时还可以承受较大的载荷,广泛应用于航空航天结构中。然而,螺栓在复杂服役环境中很容易发生松动,因此准确监测螺栓预紧力对于确保结构的可靠性和安全性具有重要意义。经过多年的发展,基于超声导波的结构健康监测方法逐渐成为螺栓连接松动监测的重要技术手段之一。对典型的螺栓预紧力导波监测方法进行了综述,包括导波能量耗散法、时间反转法、接触声学非线性法和混沌超声法等方法,介绍了这些方法的基本原理和发展现状。同时,通过实验将目前应用较多的导波能量耗散法、时间反转法进行了对比,结果表明时间反转法的监测灵敏度更高。     

Experimental investigation of expansion effect on shock wave boundary layer interaction near a compression ramp

The experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of expansion on the shock wave boundary layer interaction near a compression ramp. The small-angle expansion with an angle degree of 5° occurs at different positions in front of the compression ramp. The particle image velocimetry and flow visualization technology show the flow structures, velocity field, and velocity fluctuation near the compression ramp. The mean pressure distribution, pressure fluctuation, and power spectral density are me...     

Uncertainties in gravity wave parameters,momentum fluxes,and flux divergences estimated from multi-layer measurements of mesospheric nightglow layers

Measurements of dynamic parameters of atmospheric gravity waves, mainly the vertical wavelength, the momentum flux and the momentum flux divergence, are affected by large uncertainties crudely documented in the scientific literature. By using methods of error analysis, we have quantified these uncertainties for frequently observed temporal and spatial wave scales. The results show uncertainties of ～10%, ～35%, and ～65%, at least, in the vertical wavelength, momentum flux, and flux divergence, respectively. The large uncertainties in the momentum flux and flux divergence are dominated by uncertainties in the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and in spatial separation of the nightglow layers, respectively. The measured uncertainties in fundamental wave parameters such as the wave amplitude, intrinsic period, horizontal wavelength, and wave orientation are ～10% or less and estimated directly from our nightglow image data set. Other key environmental quantities such as the scale height and the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, frequently considered as constants in gravity wave parameter estimations schemes, are actually quite variable, presenting uncertainties of ～4% and ～9%, respectively, according to the several solar activity and seasonal atmosphere scenarios from the NRLMSISE-00 model simulated here.     

Bifurcation analysis of ion-acoustic waves for Schrödinger equation in nonextensive Solar wind plasma

Bifurcation analysis of ion-acoustic wave (IAWs) solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is explored for the first time in an electron-ion (e-i) magnetized solar wind plasma. The existence of ion-acoustic (IA) periodic, superperiodic, kink, antikink, compressive and rarefactive solitary wave solutions are revealed. Special values of Solar wind plasma parameters at a normalized distance from the Sun are considered for numerical simulation. The IA wave solutions are derived analytically. These solutions are analyzed numerically considering the influence of parameters, namely, wave number (k), velocity (V) of traveling wave and nonextensive parameter (q). Computational simulation reveals that only IA periodic wave grows in amplitude as waves moves from the Sun.     

Dispersive shock waves in partially ionised plasmas

Compressional waves propagating in the partially ionised solar lower atmospheric plasmas can easily steepen into nonlinear waves, including shocks. Here we investigate the effect of weak dispersion generated by Hall currents perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field on the characteristics of shock waves. Our study will also focus on the interplay between weak dispersion and partial ionisation of the plasma. Using a multiple scale technique we derive the governing equation in the form of a Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation. The effect of weak dispersion on shock waves is obtained using a perturbation technique. The secular behaviour of second order terms is addressed with the help of a renormalization technique. Our results show that dispersion modifies the characteristics of shock waves and this change is dependent also on the ionisation degree of the plasma. Dispersion can create short lived oscillations in the shocked plasma. The shock fronts become wider with the increase in the number of neutrals in the plasma.     

A Lamb wave signal reconstruction method for high-resolution damage imaging

In Lamb wave-based Structural Health Monitoring(SHM), a high-enough spatial resolution is highly required for Lamb wave signals to ensure the resolution and accuracy of damage detection. However, besides the dispersion characteristic, the signal spatial resolution is also largely restricted by the space duration of excitation waveforms, i.e., the Initial Spatial Resolution(ISR)for the signals before travelling. To resolve the problem of inferior signal spatial resolution of Lamb waves, a Lamb Wave Signal Reconstruction(LWSR) method is presented and applied for highresolution damage imaging in this paper. In LWSR, not only a new linearly-dispersive signal is reconstructed from an original Lamb wave signal, but also the group velocity at the central frequency is sufficiently decreased. Then, both dispersion compensation and ISR improvement can be realized to achieve a satisfying signal spatial resolution. After the frequency domain sensing model and spatial resolution of Lamb wave signals are firstly analyzed, the basic idea and numerical realization of LWSR are discussed. Numerical simulations are also implemented to preliminarily validate LWSR. Subsequently, LWSR-based high-resolution damage imaging is developed. An experiment of adjacent multiple damage identification is finally conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of LWSR and LWSR-based imaging methods.     

A study of acoustic halos in active region NOAA 11330 using multi-height SDO observations

We analyze data from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to characterize the spatio-temporal acoustic power distribution in active regions as a function of the height in the solar atmosphere. For this, we use Doppler velocity and continuum intensity observed using the magnetically sensitive line at 6173?Å as well as intensity at 1600?Å and 1700?Å. We focus on the power enhancements seen around AR 11330 as a function of wave frequency, magnetic field strength, field inclination and observation height. We find that acoustic halos occur above the acoustic cutoff frequency and extends up to 10?mHz in HMI Doppler and AIA 1700?Å observations. Halos are also found to be strong functions of magnetic field and their inclination angle. We further calculate and examine the spatially averaged relative phases and cross-coherence spectra and find different wave characteristics at different heights.     

Solar atmosphere wave dynamics generated by solar global oscillating eigenmodes

The solar atmosphere exhibits a diverse range of wave phenomena, where one of the earliest discovered was the five-minute global acoustic oscillation, also referred to as the p-mode. The analysis of wave propagation in the solar atmosphere may be used as a diagnostic tool to estimate accurately the physical characteristics of the Sun’s atmospheric layers.In this paper, we investigate the dynamics and upward propagation of waves which are generated by the solar global eigenmodes. We report on a series of hydrodynamic simulations of a realistically stratified model of the solar atmosphere representing its lower region from the photosphere to low corona. With the objective of modelling atmospheric perturbations, propagating from the photosphere into the chromosphere, transition region and low corona, generated by the photospheric global oscillations the simulations use photospheric drivers mimicking the solar p-modes. The drivers are spatially structured harmonics across the computational box parallel to the solar surface. The drivers perturb the atmosphere at 0.5?Mm above the bottom boundary of the model and are placed coincident with the location of the temperature minimum. A combination of the VALIIIC and McWhirter solar atmospheres are used as the background equilibrium model.We report how synthetic photospheric oscillations may manifest in a magnetic field free model of the quiet Sun. To carry out the simulations, we employed the magnetohydrodynamics code, SMAUG (Sheffield MHD Accelerated Using GPUs).Our results show that the amount of energy propagating into the solar atmosphere is consistent with a model of solar global oscillations described by Taroyan and Erdélyi (2008) using the Klein-Gordon equation. The computed results indicate a power law which is compared to observations reported by Ireland et al. (2015) using data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly.     

声重波激发的ESF的波长效应

通过对赤道地区声重波激发的Ｓｐｒｅａｄ－Ｔ扰动的非线性制约方程的拓扑特性,在不同扰动波长和扰动振幅的条件一进行数值计算,以及对原始非线性方程组在不同参数范围内进行数值模拟,显示了声重波的垂直扰动分量对ＥＳＦ演化的影响,为赤道地区Ｓｐｒｅａｄ－Ｆ形态的多样性提供了一种非线性的解释。