Efficacy of Doppler ultrasound [correction of utrasound] for screening symptoms of decompression sickness during simulated extravehicular activities

Doppler ultrasound is frequently used for monitoring circulating microbubbles during decompression to assess the symptoms of Decompression Sickness (DCS). This analysis was carried out to evaluate its effectiveness for screening symptoms of DCS during simulated extravehicular activities (EVA). The information from various hypobaric chamber studies carried out at the NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX was used in this analysis (n = 516). The circulating microbubbles were detected in the precordial area in 42% (218/516), and symptoms were reported in 16% (81/516) of these exposures. The accuracy of Doppler-detectable bubbles (Spencer grades) on all symptoms of DCS was examined by calculating measures of sensitivity and specificity. The efficacy of Doppler as a screening device was examined by calculating their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The results of these analyses indicated that the sensitivity of Doppler decreased, and the PPV increased with higher Spencer grades. However, the likelihood of detecting true negative cases (NPV) was consistently higher with all bubble grades. Due to the high false-positive rate and low prior probabilities of the risk of DCS, Doppler was found to be more useful to identify those who did not develop DCS, than to detect positive cases of DCS in the simulated EVA exposures.     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的机动目标跟踪研究

针对雷达导引头跟踪机动目标问题,建立了一种适于高机动目标探测的非线性系统模型,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法推导适用于弹载脉冲多普勒雷达机动目标探测的滤波模型,用以估计俯仰失调角、方位失调角、弹目相对速度和距离等信息,利用系统数学模型对目标加速度及弹目视线角速率进行解算估计。对标称弹道和极限弹道的跟踪仿真表明,所建立的系统模型和滤波设计方案,能够处理真实飞行中存在的部分信息缺失问题,对于极端情况下的遮挡问题也能在一定时间内保证较高的跟踪精度。     

基于轮廓特征的X射线脉冲星信号多普勒估计

探测器速度引起的多普勒效应会影响脉冲星信号累积轮廓特征,反之,这种轮廓特征改变可用于多普勒估计。提出了一种基于轮廓特征的X射线脉冲星信号多普勒估计方法。通过建立累积轮廓非齐次泊松模型,获得多普勒效应对累积轮廓的影响。构造轮廓特征函数对该影响进行度量,并利用函数值与周期误差的关系搜索信号周期。在搜索过程中,将离散观测数据转换为连续能量密度函数,消除相位间隔对累积周期的限制。根据周期搜索结果,结合脉冲星先验知识完成多普勒估计。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,其多普勒估计精度优于频域方法。     

二维通道内湍流边界层分离的实验研究

用激光多普勒技术测量了二维扩压器中不可压湍流边界层分离流动，得到了时均速度和雷诺剪应力分布。实验结果分析表明：以Ｃｏｌｅｓ速度律发展的Ｂａｒｄｉｎａ速度分布可以描述瞬时间歇分离点以前和瞬时间歇再附点以后的时均速度分布，但无法描述分离区的边界层速度型。Ｃｒｏｓｓ速度分布可描述分离区的边界层速度分布。Ｃｅｂｅｃｉ＆Ｓｍｉｔｈ涡粘性代数模型难以正确地描述分离边界层的雷诺剪应力。     

一种新型多普勒噪声抑制技术对BepiColombo任务无线电科学实验的性能提升

在欧洲空间局和日本宇宙开发机构联合开展的BepiColombo水星任务中,将开展水星轨道器无线电科学实验,包括估计水星的引力场及其旋转状态,并对广义相对论进行验证。目前地面系统和星上设备的主流配置可以在无线电科学实验中建立X/X、X/Ka和Ka/Ka多个频段的链路,测速精度可达3 um/s（1 000 s积分）,测距精度为20 cm。提出了基于时延机械噪声对消技术提高无线电科学实验性能的方案。时延机械噪声对消技术需要处理在两个测站不同时刻的测量数据,一个测站实施双向多普勒测距,对另一个单收测站的要求较为严格,该测站需要具有较好的对流层条件。这种方法能够显著降低Ka频段双向链路的主要测量噪声,包括由对流层和天线机械系统震动引起的噪声。我们给出了端到端的仿真性能,并估计了在使用时延机械噪声对消技术前提下的水星引力场和旋转状态。考虑使用NASA位于美国本土戈尔德斯敦的DSS-25天线或欧空局位于阿根廷马拉圭的DSA-3天线作为双程测量站,并考虑使用位于智力的APEX天文观测天线作为单收站。分析结果表明在最好的噪声条件下,使用DSA-3天线作为双程测量站时,时延机械噪声对消技术可将待估计的全局和局部参数的估计精度提升一倍。对于无线电科学实验的目标,这一可能的性能提升对行星地质物理学很有意义,它将有益于研究水星内部的结构。     

Beam-Park-Experiment-1/2000 with TIRA

A monostatic 24-h debris observation campaign (BPE-1/2000) has been prepared and conducted using FGAN's TIRA L-Band system. Based on experiences from previous Beam-park experiments a similar largely automated data processing is applied on an extended range window of 300–2000km. More than 1500 detections are encountered, 471 of them are verified as being real objects in Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO). PROOF's observation forecasting of catalogued objects is evaluated against the observed objects, and the difficulties obtaining radar cross-sections (RCSs) and object sizes from Beam-park experiments are discussed. Sidelobe detections are identified by using background information like two-line element (TLE) sets and/or catalogued RCSs.In comparison with previous experiments, the statistics show similarities confirming the concept of Beam-park experiments for space debris observations, despite the snapshot character of 24-h experiments. The comparison with MASTER/PROOF'99 and ORDEM2000 leads to a reasonable agreement between models and observations.     

机载PD雷达DBS成象处理计算机仿真

根据多普勒分辨理论,提出了一种机载PD雷达DBS实时成象处理的实现方法,并对载机前方大面积地面原始图象和DBS实时成象进行了计算机模拟。模拟结果表明,在雷达天线匀加速扫描状态下载机前方—60°～+60°成象,可以提供系统锐化比为19.71的高分辨力雷达图象。     

运动的核弹比静止的核弹威力小?——多普勒效应、红移、光行差和动体的质能当量关系

证明爱因斯坦立足于光速不变假设和长度收缩假设的洛伦茨变换未能正确地解释多普勒效应、红移和光行差现象;他也未能给出正确的动体的质能当量关系.作者立足于完全符合相对性原理的伽利略变换,成功地解决了上述问题.     

关于多普勒频率转换成距离变化率公式的讨论

利用多普勒效应原理对雷达测速的转换公式进行了讨论，指出在飞行器高精度轨道测量中，现行的测速转换公式存在较大的误差；给出了新的包含二阶项的测速转换公式，并导出了一个简便实用的直接在测量数据上进行该项误差修正的方法，同时进行了误差特性分析。实际计算表明：轨道测量数据进行二次修正后，匹配程度明显优于修正前。     

WIOBSS: The Chinese low-power digital ionosonde for ionospheric backscattering detection

The ionospheric laboratory of Wuhan University has developed an ionosonde over about seven years. The prototype is designed as a portable, low-power digital MF (medium frequency) and HF (high frequency) radio system with high range and Doppler resolution. The first system is used for ionospheric oblique backscattering detection and called WIOBSS (Wuhan Ionospheric Oblique Backscattering Sounding System). WIOBSS is a portable monostatic ionosonde for both ionospheric research and HF channel management, adopting alternate transmitting and receiving patterns to transmit long coded pulse trains for high pulse compression gain. The almost perfect sequences are applied to modulate the pulse train for sounding without range sidelobes and the echo phase is used to estimate the Doppler velocity and velocity fluctuation. This paper introduces the new techniques adopted by WIOBSS and presents some observations.