Real-time spacecraft intercept strategy on J2-perturbed orbits

A real-time intercept strategy for spacecraft under the non-uniform gravitational perturbation of Earth is addressed in this paper. To intercept a target spacecraft on general conic sections, an interceptor considered in this work makes use of a thruster propelling the constant thrust which is comparable to unrealistic impulse-type thrust. The $J_2$ perturbation introduces critical dynamic variations of spacecraft orbiting the Earth, which results in a considerable amount of position error of the interceptor at the final intercept point. In order to release the burden of $J_2$ disturbance and make the miss distance between the target and interceptor small, a real-time intercept technique with an optimal intercept algorithm is suggested. The strategy proposed is to obtain an optimized output iteratively for a given time interval with previously obtained optimal values. These parameters are evaluated by the optimal intercept algorithm suggested. Once the optimal velocity change is obtained to satisfy intercept requirements, although the orbital system is perturbed, it is easy to regenerate a new solution by setting the previous solution as new initial guesses. This strategy is employed iteratively until the interceptor meets the target. Several numerical simulations are performed to highlight the proposed real-time strategy for spacecraft intercept missions.     

高温热管技术研究进展与展望

高温热管的工作温度高,传热性能好,在高超声速飞行器热防护、空间核反应堆冷却、太阳能利用等方面具有广阔的应用前景。报告了高温热管技术的研究现状,包括高温热管的冷冻启动特性研究、传热性能研究、试验研究、数值分析研究;介绍了放置倾角、工质物性参数、工质充装量、不凝气体含量、材料、结构和尺寸等因素对高温热管启动和传热性能的影响规律,以及高温热管技术在高超声速飞行器热防护、空间核反应堆冷却、太阳能利用等方面的应用研究等;指出了高温热管数值分析模型和工程应用验证等一系列有待深化研究的方向;提出了进一步深入研究高温热管技术的详细建议。     

圆轨道航天器在轨加注任务空间燃料站部署问题

在轨服务技术因在航天器故障修复、寿命延长及军事方面有重大辅助作用而越来越受到各航天大国的重视,作为在轨服务技术重要组成部分的在轨燃料补给技术也越来越受到关注。文章针对圆轨道航天器在轨燃料加注任务,将空间燃料站技术与多目标在轨加注技术相结合,对基于燃料站的在轨加注模式进行了研究,提出了一种基于聚类分析的在轨加注任务调度及优化算法。通过对双脉冲轨道转移问题的求解与分析,获得了轨道转移速度增量和轨道参数之间的关系,在此基础上分析了圆轨道航天器在轨加注任务调度问题,并根据调度模型的变量和约束关系,建立了圆轨道航天器在轨加注任务多目标规划模型,并采用免疫遗传算法对加注任务调度空间燃料站选址问题进行了研究。以30颗目标航天器的在轨加注任务为例进行了数值仿真,并由燃料消耗的计算结果验证了算法的有效性。     

浮升力对竖直上升圆管内超临界航空煤油换热的影响及评价准则

为深入理解航空发动机再生冷却热防护中的换热机理,对竖直上升圆管内超临界压力RP-3航空煤油的传热恶化开展了实验研究。探究了两类传热恶化的换热特征和形成机理,考察了热流密度、质量流量和进口压力对传热恶化的影响机制。获得了两类传热恶化的起始条件判别准则。以Nu/Nu0=0.75作为依据,建立了浮升力影响评价准则。通过格拉晓夫数修正实现了换热关联式预测。结果表明：两类传热恶化出现在不同条件下,低温区传热恶化源于边界层转捩和浮升力的综合作用,当进口雷诺数高于5730时其不再出现;高温区传热恶化的临界热流密度可以表述为质量流量的函数关系。当浮升力参数Grb/Re2.7和Gr/Re2分别高于10-7、10-3时,浮升力作用不可忽略。改进的换热关联式具有合理的预测精度,满足热防护系统设计的工程运用。     

机载条件下PCHE通道内流动换热特性研究

以飞机燃油系统和环控系统中常见的航空煤油(大庆 RP-3)和防冻液(65号)作为工质,对印刷电路板式换摘热器(PCHE)通道单元中 2种工质的逆流换热进行了三维数值模拟研究。实验中共设计 4种模型,即角度为 15°的 Z型双通道基础模型以及据此优化的其他 3种模型,不同模型的通道入口水力直径均为 1.2 mm。此外,燃油入口温度为 -40~40 ℃,防冻液入口温度为 50 ℃,它们的物性参数均随温度变化而变化。利用综合评价因子 η对模拟结果进行分析,获得了不同模型的流动换热特性。结果表明,优化模型的 η均大于基础模型。冷边入口温度相同时,优化模型的冷边最大 η出现在 400 kg/(m2·s) ,热边最大 η出现在 200 kg/(m2·s) 。质量流速相同时,若流速较小,则优化模型的冷边最大 η出现在 20 ℃,热边最大 η出现在 40 ℃,若流速较大,则冷边和热边最大 η均出现在 -40 ℃,但是冷边和热边流速大小的分界线不同。由此说明,环境温度变化引起的工质物性变化对 PCHE通道最优工况的出现影响显著。     

基于CATIA软件的舱门机构曲柄有限元分析

概述了CATIA软件有限元分析过程,应用虚拟部件简化舱门打开机构,使复杂的装配部件的有限元分析简化为单个零件的有限元分析。在理想误差范围内,将CATIA软件的有限元模拟结果与NASTRAN软件模拟结果比对分析,针对CATIA软件分析得到的应力集中数据,提出了供设计参考的数据处理方法,并通过试验验证该方法具有一定的有效性,对结构设计人员具有一定的参考价值。     

基于竞争博弈的多目标可靠性优化设计方法

针对目标权重选取的主观性问题,提出基于竞争博弈进行多目标可靠性优化设计的方法。首先,将各设计目标视为不同的博弈方,通过随机设计变量集映射（RDVSM）技术,将优化模型中的随机设计变量集分解为各博弈方所拥有的策略集;然后,各博弈方以自身收益为目标,结合性能测量方法在各自的策略集中进行单目标可靠性优化设计,并由所有的优化设计结果形成一轮博弈的策略组合;经过多轮博弈之后得博弈均衡解。压力容器和齿轮减速器2个案例的分析表明,所提方法有效避免了目标权重的选择,设计结果具有较高客观性。      

Comptonization of low-frequency radiation in accretion disks: Angular distribution and polarization of hard X-ray radiation

We present the results of computation for angular distribution and polarization of radiation for the set of the disk Thomson optical depth values.     

Response regimes of narrow-band stochastic excited linear oscillator coupled to nonlinear energy sink

This paper draws attention to the issue of the vibration absorption of nonlinear mechanical system coupled to nonlinear energy sink(NES) under the impact of the narrow band stochastic excitation. Firstly, based on the complex-averaging method and frequency detuning methodology,response regimes of oscillators have been researched under the linear impact of coupling a nonlinear attachment with less relativistic mass and an external sinusoidal forcing, of which results turn out that the quasi-periodicity response regime of system which occurs when the external excitation amplitude exceeds the critical values will be the precondition of the targeted energy transfer.Secondly, basing on the path integration method, vibration suppression of NES has been researched when it is affected by a main oscillator with a narrow band stochastic force in the form of trigonometric functions, of which results show that response regimes are affected by the amplitude of stochastic excitation and the disturbance strength. Finally, all these conclusions have been approved by the numerical verification and coincided with the theoretical analysis; meanwhile, after the comparing analysis with the optimal linear absorber, it turns out that the NES which is affected by the narrow band stochastic force could also suppress the vibration of system with a better effect.