A rendezvous navigation algorithm for orbit determination, based on visual measurements by space vehicle crew members

At present, various radio navigation systems are employed during the automated approach of a transport vehicle to a space station. Experience has shown that emergency situations can occur in which it is necessary to revert to manual override of the automatic approach.Such situations have indeed occurred during flight operations of the space station Mir. The crews of the transport vehicles and the Mir used manual steering more than 30 times for successful docking, and four times for approach to the station.Successful manual steering demands absolute understanding of the relative orbit parameters. The decisive task of the crew is to determine these relative parameters. This is possible using visual observations from either the transport vehicle or the station using simple and reliable instruments. This article explains the algorithm for determining the relative orbits from visual crew observations, based on similarities of relative orbit families.     

Convection of liquid with internal heat release in a rotating container

The convection of heat-generating fluid in a rotating horizontal cylinder is experimentally investigated. The threshold of convection excitation, the structure of convective flows and the heat transfer in the cylinder depending on the heat release capacity, liquid viscosity and aspect ratio of the cavity are studied. It is found that the average convection is excited by the thermovibrational mechanism —the gravity force, rotating in the cavity frame, produces the oscillations of non-isothermal fluid relative to the wall, which in turn result in excitation of mean convective flows. It is shown that the structure of convective flows depends on the dimensionless velocity of rotation. At relatively low rotation velocity the convection develops in the form of a periodic system of vortices regularly distributed along the cylinder axis. The threshold of excitation (critical value of vibration parameter) of three-dimensional vortex structures grows with rotation velocity. Above some definite rotation velocity the convection develops as two-dimensional rolls parallel to the axis of rotation. The threshold of two-dimensional structures excitation does not depend on the rotation velocity. Besides the structure of thermal convective flows the analysis of the relatively weak currents generated by the inertial waves below the threshold of convection is performed.     

光学采样成像系统传递函数补偿的仿真研究

简要概述了光学采样成像系统组成及调制传递函数补偿（MTFC）概念；采用计算机仿真的方法模拟成像链路，MTFC是成像链路的一个重要环节，通过改变成像链路中的参数，研究链路中的混叠、光学遥感器噪声、量化、有损压缩对MTFC的影响。     

离心式压气机耦合松弛多学科设计优化方法

为提高多学科设计优化的寻优效率,以离心式压气机为对象,开展了耦合松弛多学科设计优化方法的研究.针对松散耦合方法建立的离心式压气机的流-热-固耦合分析模型,为了避免反复迭代导致的分析、优化时间过长,构建了分层次的离心式压气机耦合松弛优化设计系统.在气动优化中采用全局寻优算法探索系统最优气动设计方案;在耦合优化阶段,综合考虑学科间耦合及相互作用,在气动优化的基础上局部寻优校验气动优化结果并得到最终设计方案.这种不同复杂层次模型的优化设计有效缩减了系统优化设计周期.     

表面粘贴光纤光栅传感器的应变传递分析

光纤光栅传感器粘贴于航空结构的基体表面后,基体结构的真实应变与光纤光栅传感器测得的应变之间存在一个传递系数。本文根据应用环境,建立了＂基体结构—胶粘体—光纤传感器＂的应变传递简化模型,推导了裸光纤光栅传感器测得的应变与结构基体实际应变的比值,即应变传递率,并对影响传递率的各种参数进行分析和模拟,根据实际条件得到了粘贴的最佳参数。     

OTV在空间攻防体系中的发展研究

轨道转移飞行器(OTV)是在轨道之间进行物质、能量转移的一类飞行器的总称.本文通过对OTV的概述,从其技术特点出发,介绍其在空间攻防体系中的应用和关键技术,最后对我国OTV的发展规划作了简要的剖析.     

两种高精度高效率静气弹数据传递函数

遵循静气弹问题中气动/结构网格之间的数据传递要求,引入了基于径向基函数的流固耦合界面数据传递方法,确定了紧支半径的选取原则,并编制相应的计算程序。以M6机翼为例,将不同径向基函数的插值精度及计算效率进行比较,结果表明体样条（Volume Spline）函数和C2函数具有良好的插值精度和计算效率。这两种流固耦合界面数据传递方法非常适用于工程应用。     

航天器双主动交会策略研究

从理论上分析了共面近地圆轨道上的航天器的远程双主动交会的问题.根据轨道动力学基本原理,导出各种情况下特征速度的解析解,为航天器变轨时的燃料消耗分析提供了依据.进一步探讨了航天器轨道转移过程中的时间策略,以保证在不同轨道上运行的航天器在同一时刻、同一空间位置交会.上述理论分析的仿真计算结果表明,双主动交会总特征速度和过程耗时都低于主被动交会情形,单星的燃料消耗大大降低,对大范围快速变轨,优势更加明显.     

气动设计的多目标优化算法比较研究

由于目标函数复杂且流场求解耗时,气动优化设计需要选择搜索能力强且调用目标次数少的优化算法,现有的优化算法种类很多,针对不同类型问题算法性能不同。本文将常用的多目标优化算法进行了分类总结并进行函数测试,判断各个优化算法对不同问题的收敛性和稳定性,找出适合气动优化的多目标优化算法。将该算法应用于气动优化问题当中,进行了针对翼型的气动优化设计,缩短了优化时间,取得了一定的优化效果。     

粗糙壁面表面传热数值计算比较

为了计算冰形模拟中的表面传热系数,给出了三种粗糙壁面表面传热系数计算方法,即传统的边界层积分法、基于k-ε湍流模型及标准壁面函数的计算方法(k-ε法)和基于Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型在粗糙壁面扩展的计算法(S-A扩展法).计算了直径为15cm、表面等效沙粒粗糙高度为1.35mm的圆柱,在Re分别为8.8×...