一种新型三维仿生扑翼机构设计与分析

以昆虫翅膀运动机理为基础,提出了一种复合3种运动的仿生扑翼新机构。由于能使翼尖按8字形或香蕉形运动及机翼扭转,同时可保证两翼的运动对称,使扑翼运动更符合昆虫运动形态。为了实现生物运动轨迹,建立了机构参数的优化模型,并据此设计了扑翼微型飞行器样机,其扑动规律能更逼真地模拟昆虫翼的扑动形态,为新型微型飞行器的设计提供样机。     

Integrated design of topology and material for composite morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism

The morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism is a developing technology which can increase lift-drag ratio for variable flight modes by bending down the trailing edge. Composite material design is integrated into topology optimization for the morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism in the paper. A two-step optimization strategy is established to solve the integrated design problem. Initially, lamination parameters are introduced and viewed as a bridge between structure stiffness and fiber angles for composite material. Design variables include the lamination parameters and element density. The least-squares between actual and desired displacements at output points along trailing edge is adopted to evaluate the deformed capability of the trailing edge. An integrated optimization model for the composite morphing trailing edge is established with the volume constraints. The optimal topologic shape and lamination parameters are initially obtained. Subsequently, a least-squares optimization between fiber angles and the optimal lamination parameters is implemented to obtain optimal fiber angles. Finally, morphing capability of composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism is investigated by simulation and experiments. The results indicate the composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism can approximately bend down 8 degrees and satisfies the design requirement.     

Strong interactions of incident shock wave with boundary layer along compression corner

The coherent structure and instability of the interaction of incident shock wave with boundary layer developing on a compression corner are experimentally studied. The experiments are carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel of Mach number 2. Particular attention is paid to shock patterns and unsteady shock motions induced by the separation bubble. The high-speed schlieren is used to visualize the flowfield evolution and to characterize the instability. The snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition of schlieren sequences is applied to investigate the primary coherent structure in the flowfield. Fast Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transformation are applied to characterize the instability. The results show that there are large-scale low-frequency oscillations of the shock waves and small-scale high-frequency pulsations in the separation region. The peak frequency of shock oscillation is mainly concentrated in the range of 100–1000 Hz. The pulsation of the small flow structure in the separation bubble is mainly concentrated above 12.5 kHz. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the preliminary mechanism of the large-scale instability of such interaction is obtained.     

Positioning error compensation for parallel mechanism with two kinematic calibration methods

Compared with serial mechanisms, the parallel mechanism (PM) theoretically exhibited higher positioning accuracy, dynamic performance, strength-to-weight ratio, and lower manufacturing cost, but they had not been widely used in the practical application. One key issue, positioning accuracy, which directly affected their performance and was greatly influenced by the errors of kinematic structure parameters was analyzed. To effectively enhance the positioning precision of PMs, a novel modeless kinematic calibration method, namely the split calibration, was presented and its compensation effect of the positioning error was comprehensively compared with that of an integrated method on two different types of PMs. A strange phenomenon-correct and incorrect identified results were derived from two different PMs by the same integrated method, respectively-which had not been reported yet was discovered, and the origin of it was revealed utilizing numerical simulations. Finally, respective merits and drawbacks of these two methods obtained in this paper provided underlying insights to guide the practical application of the kinematic calibration for PMs.     

基于力位协同控制的大飞机机身壁板装配调姿方法

为校正中机身壁板由于重力和调姿内力产生的变形，提高中机身壁板装配调姿精度，提出了一种基于力位协同控制的装配调姿方法。通过将调姿机构等效为并联机构，推导了调姿机构的解析正反解模型；根据螺旋理论，建立了力传感器测量值与重力、调姿内力之间的映射关系，实现重力补偿值的动态计算，基于局部刚体-弹性连接假设，通过多元线性回归方法构建了调姿内力转化为位置补偿量的模型；根据Clamped-Free变形协调原理，简化了定位器调姿内力之间的协调关系，在此基础上提出了重力前馈补偿和调姿内力转化为位置补偿的力位协同控制策略，并对其进行了理论分析与设计。最后，对所提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析，结果表明采用力位协同控制方法，调姿定位精度提高35.3%，调姿内力降低77.8%，通过应用实验，说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

非圆截面变体头锥机构设计与运动仿真分析

设计具有变形能力的飞行器结构,通过主动改变其气动外形是提高空天飞行器飞行能力和环境自适应性的有效途径。本文提出了一种可实现单侧弯曲与多级伸展变形的空天飞行器非圆截面变体头锥机构设计方法,可独立进行头锥的多级伸展及弯曲运动,实现变体形式多样化;通过在伸展机构级间设计锁定装置,保证了头锥变形的展开稳定性。结合飞行工况,计算了头锥伸展过程中所受载荷及所需驱动力。头锥伸展及弯曲运动仿真结果论证了方案的可行性。在给定驱动模式下头锥机构的轴向最大伸展位移与体长比为0.43,伸展弯曲比可达3.5。通过分析变形过程的位移、速度及加速度变化规律发现,所设计的变体头锥机构可实现较好的运动特性和运动平稳性。     

Multi precursors analysis associated with the powerful Ecuador (MW = 7.8) earthquake of 16 April 2016 using Swarm satellites data in conjunction with other multi-platform satellite and ground data

After DEMETER satellite mission (2004–2010), the launch of the Swarm satellites (Alpha (A), Bravo (B) and Charlie (C)) has created a new opportunity in the study of earthquake ionospheric precursors. Nowadays, there is no doubt that multi precursors analysis is a necessary phase to better understand the LAIC (Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling) mechanism before large earthquakes. In this study, using absolute scalar magnetometer, vector field magnetometer and electric field instrument on board Swarm satellites, GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements, MODIS-Aqua satellite and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) data, the variations of the electron density and temperature, magnetic field, TEC (Total Electron Content), LST (Land Surface Temperature), AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) and SKT (SKin Temperature) have been surveyed to find the potential seismic anomalies around the strong Ecuador (M_w = 7.8) earthquake of 16 April 2016. The four solar and geomagnetic indices: F10.7, D_st, K_p and a_p were investigated to distinguish whether the preliminary detected anomalies might be associated with the solar-geomagnetic activities instead of the seismo-ionospheric anomalies. The Swarm satellites (A, B and C) data analysis indicate the anomalies in time series of electron density variations on 7, 11 and 12 days before the event; the unusual variations in time series of electron temperature on 8 days preceding the earthquake; the analysis of the magnetic field scalar and vectors data show the considerable anomalies 52, 48, 23, 16, 11, 9 and 7 days before the main shock. A striking anomaly is detected in TEC variations on 1 day before earthquake at 9:00 UTC. The analysis of MODIS-Aqua night-time images shows that LST increase unusually on 11 days prior to main shock. In addition, the AOD variations obtained from MODIS measurements reach the maximum value on 10 days before the earthquake. The SKT around epicentral region presents anomalous higher value about 40 days before the earthquake. It should be noted that the different lead times of the observed anomalies could be acknowledged based on a reasonable LAIC earthquake mechanism. Our results emphasize that the Swarm satellites measurements play an undeniable role in progress the studies of the ionospheric precursors.     

TATB、DATB热分解动力学和机理研究

采用DSC、PDSC、TG、TG-FTIR联用技术和热裂解原位快速扫描-FTIR联用技术,研究TATB和DATB热分解全过程,获得了TATB和DATB的热分解反应动力学参数,并提出TATB和DATB的热分解机理。研究结果表明,TATB和DATB热分解的初始过程存在苯并呋咱或苯并氧化呋咱中间产物。     

磁等离子体推力器工作机理与应用前景研究

研究了发动机能量输入、工质电离、等离子体加速及能量转换过程及机理,同时分析了磁等离子体推力器在空间推进任务中的应用前景.研究表明磁等离子体推力器主要利用电磁力加速和磁喷管的能量转换作用来实现加速,这种方式在大功率条件下,能够获得大推力、高功率和较长工作时间,在大功率轨道航天器和深空任务中有广阔的应用前景.     

我国融资性担保机构市场退出机制研究

我国至今还没有一部专门针对担保行业的法律,部门颁布的法规既缺乏权威性,又过于简单,缺乏可操作性;一些担保机构从事违法违规活动导致风险事件不断爆发,严重损害了担保业声誉,给行业发展带来恶劣影响。当前亟须建立担保机构的市场退出机制,对问题担保机构实行强制退出政策,使担保业健康发展。担保机构市场退出机制包括建立担保机构退出的风险预警系统、设立担保救助基金及担保机构退出方式。文章在风险预警研究的基础上,着重分析担保救助基金的建立、使用以及担保机构退出方式。