Long term and safe relative orbit design for heterogeneous spacecraft clusters

The problem of obtaining long term relative orbit configurations for spacecraft clusters with realistic operational considerations such as safety, station keeping and inter-spacecraft distances is addressed. Two different approaches are developed for station keeping and safety objectives. In the first approach, relative orbit configurations, or relative TLEs, are found minimizing deviations from reference mean orbit which would maximize the station-keeping objective. In second one, relative configurations are found from a reference initial condition by minimizing probability of collision, hence maximizing the safety objective, between the spacecraft in the cluster which are propagated numerically through a high precision orbit propagator. For the design optimization, a derivative free algorithm is proposed. Effectiveness of the approaches is demonstrated through simulations. Using this design framework, several configurations can be found by exploring the limits of the clusters in terms of spacecraft number, distance bounds and probabilities of collision for long time intervals.     

某型波音737-800模拟机开关音的工程改装应用研究

针对局方对某型波音737-800模拟机鉴定时提出的“No Smoking”开关音改装要求，结合模拟机工程改装概念，参考飞机系统原理并对模拟机实现原理进行分析研究，完成相应模块的硬件和软件改装，并通过了局方鉴定，为同类型开关的工程改装提供了一定的参考和借鉴。     

耦合运动非定常气动模型对飞机飞行特性仿真的影响

 在大振幅偏航滚转单自由度强迫振荡和耦合强迫振荡运动风洞试验的基础上,分别运用准定常气动力建模方法和非定常气动力建模方法,获取飞机的气动力模型;运用两种不同的气动力模型,对飞机的纵向正弦振荡机动飞行进行了仿真。结果表明,准定常模型在小迎角下的仿真结果与非定常模型的结果基本一致;在较大迎角时,准定常模型仿真结果趋于稳定,而非定常模型仿真结果使飞机进入横航向振荡飞行状态,这一现象与F-16XL的试飞结果类似,其主要原因是耦合运动的非定常模型与准定常模型所产生的阻尼特性不一致。这也表明,分析大迎角飞行特性时应考虑耦合运动下的非定常气动特性。     

圆锥运动及其影响的3种描述方法

从旋转矢量方法、欧拉角方法及刚体有限转动方法出发对圆锥运动及其影响进行了阐述,得到了各方法下的等效陀螺漂移公式以及三者之间的关系;并对圆锥补偿算法在每种方法下的补偿效果进行了研究.结果表明: 刚体有限转动方法与旋转矢量方法是完全等价的,欧拉角方法仅在小角度振动情况下与它们等价;圆锥补偿算法在旋转矢量方法和欧拉角方法下均有效,并在振动角较小时补偿效果一致.旋转矢量方法和刚体有限转动方法重点在于圆锥补偿算法的开发,而欧拉角方法重点则在于指导圆锥运动转台实验设计以验证圆锥补偿算法.      

编队卫星相对运动描述方法综述

对于近地轨道卫星编队飞行的相对运动理论研究,可以采用的方法包括直角坐标法和 轨道要素法。利用直角坐标法得到的相对运动动力学方程可以用于编队队形控制研究,轨道 要素法能够给出相对运动的运动学描述,便于定量研究摄动影响和进行编队队形设计。分析 了直角坐标法在描述卫星长期编队飞行方面的局限性,综述了利用轨道要素描述编队卫星相 对运动的各种研究方法,包括轨道要素差法、相对轨道要素法和参照轨道要素法等。     

导航信号模拟器上位机软件设计与实现

卫星导航信号模拟器可以模拟产生各种动态环境下接收机所接收到的导航卫星信号。为接收机的调试和测试提供仿真信号源。完整的导航信号模拟器由上位机软件、中频信号产生、射频前端电路三个单元组成。文中对信号模拟器的上位机软件单元进行详细的分析,给出软件总体流程图,阐述主要模块的功能及其实现方法,包括人机交互界面、导航电文生成模块、载体运动轨迹计算模块、卫星位置计算模块和等效伪距误差计算模块。通过与商用(?)收机联试,验证了软件设计正确可行。     

Prospects in the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Moon with the advent of sub-centimeter lunar laser ranging

Lunar laser ranging (LLR) measurements are crucial for advanced exploration of the laws of fundamental gravitational physics and geophysics as well as for future human and robotic missions to the Moon. The corner-cube reflectors (CCR) currently on the Moon require no power and still work perfectly since their installation during the project Apollo era. Current LLR technology allows us to measure distances to the Moon with a precision approaching 1 mm. As NASA pursues the vision of taking humans back to the Moon, new, more precise laser ranging applications will be demanded, including continuous tracking from more sites on Earth, placing new CCR arrays on the Moon, and possibly installing other devices such as transponders, etc. for multiple scientific and technical purposes. Since this effort involves humans in space, then in all situations the accuracy, fidelity, and robustness of the measurements, their adequate interpretation, and any products based on them, are of utmost importance. Successful achievement of this goal strongly demands further significant improvement of the theoretical model of the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Earth–Moon system. This model should inevitably be based on the theory of general relativity, fully incorporate the relevant geophysical processes, lunar librations, tides, and should rely upon the most recent standards and recommendations of the IAU for data analysis. This paper discusses methods and problems in developing such a mathematical model. The model will take into account all the classical and relativistic effects in the orbital and rotational motion of the Moon and Earth at the sub-centimeter level. The model is supposed to be implemented as a part of the computer code underlying NASA Goddard’s orbital analysis and geophysical parameter estimation package GEODYN and the ephemeris package PMOE 2003 of the Purple Mountain Observatory. The new model will allow us to navigate a spacecraft precisely to a location on the Moon. It will also greatly improve our understanding of the structure of the lunar interior and the nature of the physical interaction at the core–mantle interface layer. The new theory and upcoming millimeter LLR will give us the means to perform one of the most precise fundamental tests of general relativity in the solar system.     

曲面幕墙清洁机器人攀爬技术

针对国家大剧院超椭球外表面的清洗问题,设计了一种新型自攀爬机器人.机器人具有全方位运动能力,相对于擦洗运动而言,攀爬运动是影响机器人作业安全性的主要因素.分析了攀爬运动的运动学模型,利用拉格朗日方法对该状态下的动力学问题进行了研究,并针对攀爬运动的特殊性,对机器人前后俯仰支撑控制问题进行分析,结合建筑物表面特点并依靠仿真,得到机器人作业过程中俯仰机构受力分布曲线,为机器人攀爬支撑力的切换提供了理论依据.      

基于自适应搜索的快速运动估计算法

在MPEG和H.263的运动估计中,全搜索(FS)效果虽好但时间开销巨大,以三步搜索法为代表的一些快速算法不仅在搜索精度方面与FS相比有较大的差距,而且搜索时间仍不能满足实际的需要.提出的基于自适应搜索的快速运动估计算法(ASA)充分利用了视频序列运动矢量在空间分布上的中心偏置特性和相邻块运动的相关性,在大幅度提高搜索效率的情况下,得到了与全搜索非常接近的搜索效果.与现有算法相比,该算法具有高效、鲁棒性强的特点.      

美国的中性浮力模拟器及其应用

中性浮力地面模拟试验不仅可以用来训练航天员,对大型空间结构的设计及在轨组装与维修技术研究也具有重要的作用.文章对美国的三台大型中性浮力模拟器的性能、规模和配置及几次典型的大型空间结构的中性浮力模拟试验作了介绍.