软件可靠性测试充分性问题的理论研究

在分析了软件可靠性测试充分性准则研究的重要意义的基础上,阐述了软件测试充分性准则的概念、分类以及软件可靠性测试充分性准则与整个软件测试充分性准则体系的关系,提出了其在软件可靠性测试中的一种实现方法,是借鉴已有的软件测试充分性方面的理论,对软件可靠性测试充分性问题进行的初步探索.      

月面冯·卡门撞击坑的着陆选址和科学探测目标浅析

冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑位于月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken,SPA）盆地中部,是中国“嫦娥4号”计划的优先级较高的探测目标。对该撞击坑的着陆和探测,有助于揭示月球形成和演化的一些关键问题,在月球科学研究中具有重大的意义。论文概要总结了冯·卡门撞击坑的研究意义和科学价值;结合LRO卫星LOLA数据、Clementine UV-VIS数据、GRAIL数据、“嫦娥2号”卫星CELMS等数据,简要分析了冯·卡门撞击坑的地形、成分、深部结构和亮?%rater are analyzed with LRO satellite LOLA data,Clementine UV-VIS data,GRAIL data,and Chang''E-2 CELMS data and their scientific meanings are also presented. Finally,combined with our results and the previous prospects about theVon Kármán crater,three candidate landing sites and the possible scientific discoveries are proposed.     

“嫦娥4号”中继星任务轨道确定问题初探

"嫦娥4号"任务将采用着陆器、巡视器和绕飞地月拉格朗日L2点中继星进行月球背面的探测,中继星已先期发射,进入环绕地月L2点的晕(Halo)轨道。在中继星使命轨道动力学模型的基础上,通过相关仿真工作,开展了中继星在Halo轨道上的摄动源量级及影响定轨预报的主要因素分析,结果表明:太阳光压摄动是其主要影响因素。为降低其相关影响,提高定轨精度,在太阳光压球模型的基础上,结合中继星在轨运行特点及其星体结构特点,提出了一种求解光压等效面积的方法。经仿真分析,使用修正后的太阳光压球模型进行定轨求解,速度精度可提升约一个量级。     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

几何参数对涡轮低压导向器变工况性能的影响

在低速风洞上,对某型弹用涡扇发动机涡轮低压导向器原型和改型进行了变工况条件下的详细流场测量。与原型低压导向器相比,改型低压导向器多种几何参数发生了改变,主要包括采用优化的子午型线、正弯叶片、后部加载叶型以及前缘负冲角设计等,因此二者的冲角特性有较大差异。实验分别对两种导向器叶栅测量了3种工况条件,分别为正冲角工况、设计工况和负冲角工况,并对结果进行了对比分析。实验结果显示:改型不仅在设计工况下能量损失较小,而且具有较好的攻角适应性,表现为在所测工况范围内叶栅出口总压损失随工况的变化幅度很小,而原型出口损失则对冲角敏感,损失变化幅度相对较大。      

基于解析解的人字齿轮齿廓修形动态分析

根据人字齿轮传动的结构,考虑时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙,并把齿廓修形作为一种时变齿侧间隙计入,建立了单级人字齿轮传动的弯-扭-轴耦合动力学模型和相应的非线性动力学方程.对方程的数值解进行分析,发现合理的修形使人字齿轮传动不发生齿面的完全分离.基于多尺度法对不发生齿面完全分离时的人字齿轮传动系统进行了摄动分析,得到了系统在主共振频率附近幅频响应的近似解析解.相比数值方法,解析法具有很高的求解效率.最后,根据近似解析解研究了修形参数对动载系数幅值的影响.研究发现:螺旋角越大使动载系数最小所需的修形量越大,而所需的修形长度越小.另外,使动载系数最小的最优修形参数解域呈新月形,其随着主动轮支承刚度的增大而先增大后减小;随着被动轮支承刚度的增大而持续减小.      

美国加速任务试车技术在军用航空发动机上的应用

加速任务试车(AMT)是目前国外研究军用航空发动机耐久性的标准试验,是发动机寿命管理的重要方法。本文以美国F404-GE-402发动机、F110-GE-100发动机为例,介绍了AMT技术在发动机设计验证、部件改进、寿命管理、维修计划等方面的具体做法,对有效提高我国发动机型号研制的风险管理与控制能力和实现发动机的高可靠性具有重要的研究与借鉴价值。     

亚轨道飞行器能量管理段轨迹设计

亚轨道飞行器（SRLV）通过跟踪特定的轨迹来实现对能量的控制与管理,轨迹设计是能量管理的一项关键技术。深入研究了亚轨道飞行器能量管理段（TAEM）轨迹的设计思想、准则和流程;提出了一种基于待飞距离规划动压剖面的轨迹设计方法,通过调整航向调整段的动压剖面,保证飞行器以亚声速状态进入航向调整段,避免飞行器转弯超调;提出了采用顺风作为轨迹设计的缺省状态,保证飞行器在严重的逆风状态下仍然可以满足着陆窗口约束;通过具体算例进行仿真分析,验证了设计方法的有效性。     

Design and implementation of rigid-flexible coupling for a half-flexible single jack nozzle

The aerodynamic design of a rigid-flexible coupling profile is the decisive factor for the flow-field quality of a supersonic free jet wind tunnel nozzle, and its mechanic dynamic features are the key for engineering implementation of continuous Mach number regulations. To fulfill the requirements of a free jet inlet/engine compatibility test within a wide simulation envelop, both uni-form flow-fields of continuous acceleration and deceleration are necessary. In this paper, the aero-dynamic design methods of an expansion wall and machinery implementation plan for the half-flexible single jack nozzle were researched. The profile control in nozzle flexible plate design was studied with a rigid-flexible coupling method. Design and calculations were performed with the help of numerical simulation. The technique of axial free stretching of the flexible plate was used to improve the matching performance between the designed elasticity profile and the theoretical one, and the rigid-flexible coupling structure was calibrated by wind tunnel tests. Results indicate that the flexible plate aerodynamic design method used here is effective and feasible. Via rigid-flexible coupling design, the flexible plate agrees with the rigid body very well, and continuous Mach number changes can be achieved during the tests. The nozzle’s exit flow-field uniformity meets the requirements of China Military Standard (GJB).     

实际工程中混合模型的任务可靠性分配方法

随着可靠性工程在航空产业中的逐步开展,适合于实际工程中的可靠性分配方法变得日益重要,尤其对于实际工程中混合模型的任务可靠性指标分配来说,因其对应的可靠性模型一般为串、并联等混合的复杂模型,可靠性指标分配相当困难。本文将实际工程中常见的比例组合法和专家评分分配法有效地结合起来,为实际工程中混合模型的任务可靠性分配提供了一种简便易行的方法。