H-reversal trajectory: A new mission application for high-performance solar sails

The aim of this paper is to quantify the performance of a flat solar sail to perform a double angular momentum reversal maneuver and produce a new class of two-dimensional, non-Keplerian orbits in the ecliptic plane. For a given pair of orbital parameters, the orbital period and the perihelion distance, it is possible to find the minimum solar sail characteristic acceleration required to fulfil a double angular momentum reversal trajectory. This problem is addressed using an optimal formulation and is solved through an indirect approach. The new trajectories are symmetrical with respect to the sun-perihelion line and exhibit a bean-like shape. Two main difficulties must be properly taken into account. On one side the sail is required to perform a rapid reorientation maneuver when it approaches the perihelion. Suitable simulations have shown that such a maneuver is feasible. In the second place the new trajectories require the use of high performance solar sails. For example, assuming an orbital period equal to 5 years, the required solar sail characteristic acceleration is greater than 3.4 mm/s². Such a value, although beyond the currently available sail performance, is comparable to what is required by the original concept of H-reversal maneuvers introduced by Vulpetti in 1996.     

考虑高度参数的摆动式红外地球敏感器模型研究

本文考察了摆动式红外地球敏感器测量的工作原理,在介绍敏感器两种数学模型—圆盘模型和三维模型的基础上,增加卫星轨道高度参数为变量,讨论了在不同轨道高度下,敏感器数学模型的变化.利用小角度条件下的一阶近似处理,对敏感器模型所关心的弦宽与姿态角转换关系给出了解答.通过进行带有高度参数的修正,把敏感器的圆盘模型和三维模型推广到了其他轨道高度下.     

Applying fuzzy bi-dimensional scenario-based model to the assessment of Mars mission architecture scenarios

Sending man to Mars has been a long-held dream of humankind. NASA plans human planetary explorations using approaches that are technically feasible, have reasonable risks and have relatively low costs. This study presents a novel Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) model for evaluating a range of potential mission scenarios for the human exploration of Mars. The three alternatives identified by the Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) include split mission, combo lander and dual scenarios. The proposed framework subsumes the following key methods: first, the conjunction method is used to minimize the number of alternative mission scenarios; second, the Fuzzy Risk Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (RFMEA) is used to analyze the potential failure of the alternative scenarios; third, the fuzzy group Real Option Analysis (ROA) is used to estimate the expected costs and benefits of the alternative scenarios; and fourth, the fuzzy group permutation approach is used to select the optimal mission scenario. We present the results of a case study at NASA’s Johnson Space center to demonstrate: (1) the complexity of mission scenario selection involving subjective and objective judgments provided by multiple space exploration experts; and (2) a systematic and structured method for aggregating quantitative and qualitative data concerning a large number of competing and conflicting mission events.     

轻型通用飞机起飞总重估算方法研究

飞机的起飞总重是飞机的重要设计参数,概念设计阶段首先要做的重要工作之一就是确定飞机的起飞总重。以四人座低速活塞螺旋桨飞机为例,采用任务剖面法和商载航程法分别对起飞总重进行了估算,并对两种方法进行了修正,在此基础上,取两个计算结果的平均值作为最终的起飞总重估算值。通过与对比机型的比较,验证修正后的计算方法和结果是准确合理的,为通用飞机起飞总重的确定和选择提供了参考。     

LARES successfully launched in orbit: Satellite and mission description

On February 13th 2012, the LARES satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) was launched into orbit with the qualification flight of the new VEGA launcher of the European Space Agency (ESA). The payload was released very accurately in the nominal orbit. The name LARES means LAser RElativity Satellite and summarises the objective of the mission and some characteristics of the satellite. It is, in fact, a mission designed to test Einstein's General Relativity Theory (specifically ‘frame-dragging' and Lense-Thirring effect). The satellite is passive and covered with optical retroreflectors that send back laser pulses to the emitting ground station. This allows accurate positioning of the satellite, which is important for measuring the very small deviations from Galilei–Newton's laws. In 2008, ASI selected the prime industrial contractor for the LARES system with a heavy involvement of the universities in all phases of the programme, from the design to the construction and testing of the satellite and separation system. The data exploitation phase started immediately after the launch under a new contract between ASI and those universities. Tracking of the satellite is provided by the International Laser Ranging Service. Due to its particular design, LARES is the orbiting object with the highest known mean density in the solar system. In this paper, it is shown that this peculiarity makes it the best proof particle ever manufactured. Design aspects, mission objectives and preliminary data analysis will be also presented.     

基于有向图模型的卫星任务指令生成算法

面向任务的卫星操控模式具有操作简便、星载资源使用效率高的优点,正在取代指令序列注入成为遥感卫星运控的新模式。文章提出一种基于有向图模型的遥感卫星任务指令序列生成算法,具有线性存储复杂度和计算复杂度,适合存储资源和计算资源受限的星载计算机应用。此算法已在某遥感卫星应用,测试试验表明,采用3个面向任务的高级指令即可生成52种指令序列,任务上行注入效率提升了5倍。本文方法根据有效载荷的使用约束条件,配置有向图模型参数,即可满足各种类型卫星使用。     

相对测量在编队卫星自主定轨中的应用

针对编队卫星自主定轨问题进行了研究,设计了一种完全不依赖于地面站和GPS系统的自主导航方案。利用星间测量信息进行卫星编队相对轨道状态的自主确定;并在利用磁强计进行卫星绝对轨道自主确定的基础上,引入星间测量信息提高绝对定轨精度;设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行卫星编队轨道状态估计,数学仿真结果验证了这种导航方案和算法的有效性。     

航迹规划中雷达探测空间的生成

从飞机突防习行任务规划出发，综合考虑地球曲率、陆地（或海洋）的反射和杂波干扰、大气折射和吸收损耗等因素的影响，采用临界散射截面法生成了对空警戒雷达在不同地貌、发现概率下，对不同雷达散射截面的目标的探测空间。计算并分析了飞行高度、目标雷达散射截面、发现概率和地貌等因素对雷达探测空间的影响，以便选择低探测概率的飞行走廓，这对制定和实施安全突防飞行策略有实际意义。     

Deep Impact Mission Design

The Deep Impact mission is designed to provide the first opportunity to probe below the surface of a comet nucleus by a high-speed impact. This requires finding a suitable comet with launch and encounter conditions that allow a meaningful scientific experiment. The overall design requires the consideration of many factors ranging from environmental characteristics of the comet (nucleus size, dust levels, etc.), to launch dates fitting within the NASA Discovery program opportunities, to launch vehicle capability for a large impactor, to the observational conditions for the two approaching spacecraft and for telescopes on Earth.     

空间站伴随卫星的最优轨道机动

介绍了空间站伴随卫星的概念和轨道机动过程，给出了伴随卫星的轨道构型；建立了伴随轨道的最优机动模型，并对脉冲轨道机动进行了仿真计算，得出了伴随轨道最优机动轨迹、方位角和释放时间等的变化规律,研究结果对伴随卫星控制具有一定的参考价值。