浅析航天型号计量保证工作

计量保证工作是航天型号任务质量保障的基础,关系着型号任务的成败。主要介绍了航天型号任务中计量保证工作的现状和不足,结合航天型号任务的全流程工作,提出在型号任务各环节的计量保证工作建议。     

航天器相对导航与控制技术的典型任务

在空间交会对接、在轨服务、近距离目标监视以及航天器编队飞行任务中,通常需要通过相对导航与控制技术对相互邻近的航天器进行控制.回顾了该领域典型的空间任务,特别关注任务、相对导航与控制方法、相对测量设备、推进系统等主要特征,并总结了该项技术的发展趋势.     

倾斜轨道小卫星太阳高度角分析与机动方案设计

针对倾斜轨道小卫星必然会面对的光学姿态敏感器受阳光干扰的问题,分析太阳高度角的变化规律,提出了计算太阳高度角的经验公式,并在此基础上提出了平台偏航姿态机动方案,可以使光学姿态敏感器规避阳光干扰,并可以简化整星热控和帆板驱动设计,提高了整星的可靠性.     

用于长周期高精度轨道控制任务的快速半实物仿真系统

针对长周期高精度轨道控制任务的快速仿真试验需要,对传统的卫星控制系统半实物仿真系统进行了重构.提出利用动力学仿真模型程序的超实时运行驱动试验进程加速的方法,介绍系统总体设计思路及其结构、组成和工作原理,给出实时/超实时双模高精度动力学模型的开发及星地状态同步两项关键技术的具体实现,并通过应用实例证明了系统的有效性.     

面向星下点轨迹自主维持的星载软件 算法与实现

为实现单星星下点轨迹维持和保持编队卫星间构型关系,提供了星载软件解决方案.给出了卫星漂移模型,并研究了轨控实施策略、轨迹实时匹配等关键技术.依托星务硬件平台,通过软件实现了样本信息处理、控制策略决断、状态自主设置、轨控参数计算等控制过程.以轨道仿真数据为输入,对软件输出与理论结果进行了比较,验证了轨控软件实现的可行性、正确性.自主轨道维持技术将进一步提升卫星的智能化、自动化水平.     

火星着陆探测任务关键环节技术途径分析

火星进入、下降与着陆技术(entry,descent and landing,EDL)是火星着陆探测最为关键的环节。火星与地球再入返回过程相比,由于火星大气成分、物理性质与地球大气存在较大差别,且具有较大不确定性,使火星EDL过程历经时间短、状态变化快,对减速性能要求高,时序紧张。从工程实现角度分阶段开展了任务分析,识别了火星EDL环节面临的问题和挑战,提出了关键环节技术途径选择。     

基于覆盖圆的太阳同步回归轨道卫星目标轨迹调整方法

遥感卫星星座在环境监测、地理测绘等领域运用中,需要考虑目标轨迹分布的优化问题.轨迹分布与星座的重访能力和进出站间隔保持等应用需求密切相关.目前对星下点轨迹分布的优化和调整还缺乏准确实用的方法,存在卫星数目增多带来的计算量增加问题和对多种需求综合考虑不够的问题.为了克服现有技术的不足,解决太阳同步回归轨道遥感卫星星座的目...     

Planetary protection issues related to human missions to Mars

In accordance with the United Nations Outer Space Treaties [United Nations, Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, UN doc A/RES/34/68, resolution 38/68 of December 1979], currently maintained and promulgated by the Committee on Space Research [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], missions exploring the Solar system must meet planetary protection requirements. Planetary protection aims to protect celestial bodies from terrestrial contamination and to protect the Earth environment from potential biological contamination carried by returned samples or space systems that have been in contact with an extraterrestrial environment. From an exobiology perspective, Mars is one of the major targets, and several missions are currently in operation, in transit, or scheduled for its exploration. Some of them include payloads dedicated to the detection of life or traces of life. The next step, over the coming years, will be to return samples from Mars to Earth, with a view to increasing our knowledge in preparation for the first manned mission that is likely to take place within the next few decades. Robotic missions to Mars shall meet planetary protection specifications, currently well documented, and planetary protection programs are implemented in a very reliable manner given that experience in the field spans some 40 years. With regards to sample return missions, a set of stringent requirements has been approved by COSPAR [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], and technical challenges must now be overcome in order to preserve the Earth’s biosphere from any eventual contamination risk. In addition to the human dimension of the mission, sending astronauts to Mars will entail meeting all these constraints. Astronauts present huge sources of contamination for Mars and are also potential carriers of biohazardous material on their return to Earth. If they were to have the misfortune of being contaminated, they themselves would become a biohazard, and, as a consequence, in addition to the technical constraints, human and ethical considerations must also be taken into account.     

频谱分析法在静止气象卫星调焦分析中应用研究

利用频谱分析方法,对静止气象卫星扫描辐射计的在轨调焦进行快速、准确的分析判断,确定是否需要调整及调整时所发遥控命令的调整方向和步长等,避免了单向调出焦距极限位置时,对辐射计造成永久性损坏。文章首次提出的二维频谱法,即使在图像定位精度不高的情况下仍然适用,可以得出准确的分析结果。     

Effects of in-track maneuver on Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits

By developing approximate analytical models considering the J₂ perturbation, the effects of an in-track maneuver on the orbital Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits are analyzed. First, two approximate models for the variations in orbital sunshine angles are developed, one for variations at a given time and the other for variations at a given argument of latitude. Next, two approximate models for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow are developed, one considers the small eccentricity and the other uses the zero eccentricity. Finally, the developed approximate models are applied to analyzing the Sun illumination conditions of a typical in-track maneuver mission on a near-circular low Earth orbit. From the results obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn. First, the variations in orbital sunshine angles at a given time may reach tens of degrees when the drifting time reaches hundreds of orbital periods, and the approximate model for that situation cannot effectively approach the numerical results. Second, the variations in orbital sunshine angles for any given argument of latitude are only a couple of degrees even when the drifting time reaches 500 orbital periods, and the approximation model developed can effectively approach the numerical results. Third, for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow, the approximate model considering the small eccentricity has simple expressions and can effectively approach the numerical results; in contrast, the approximate model using the zero eccentricity has relatively worse precision.