压力和DNTF含量对DNTF-CMDB推进剂热分解动力学的影响

用高压差示扫描量热(PDSC)、热重等热(TG-DTG)分析技术,研究了不同压力和DNTF含量对4种DNTF-CMDB推进剂热分解行为及动力学的影响。结果表明,DNTF含量对CMDB推进剂的热分解特征量有明显影响,分解热ΔHd与ΔT的比值(ΔHd/ΔT)随DNTF加入量的增加而下降,同时DNTF的加入也影响PDSC和DTG的峰形。高压下DNTF-CMDB推进剂的活化能均较常压小,高压使初始分解的反应速率常数提高,且随DNTF含量增加,活化能逐渐增大,分解初始阶段反应速率常数减小,6 MPa下的结果与燃速随DNTF含量增加呈下降的趋势相一致。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

定长补偿电火花铣削加工中锥形电极的形成及稳定性

电火花铣削可以利用简单电极加工复杂工件,对铣削过程中电极损耗进行补偿是保证工件加工精度的重要措施。使用圆柱电极进行定长补偿铣削加工,加工过程中电极端面会形成一个圆锥形。为保证补偿精度,对电极圆锥形端面的形成及稳定性进行了研究。通过对定长补偿下工件被加工情况的研究,阐述了圆锥形电极形成的具体过程;并且论证了在加工进入稳定阶段以后,圆锥端面角度会基本保持在一个恒定值,研究了初始加工深度和补偿长度对锥形过渡阶段的影响;在电极直径、电参数一定情况下,验证了加工模型中锥形角度与目标加工深度的函数关系,实验结果与模型计算结果相差2.1%;最后给出了加工实例,并获得较好的加工效果。     

高强太阳光无线能量传输能量供给平台设计

为了满足微小卫星群落编队飞行技术快速发展的需要,设计了一种能量供给平台.该平台中菲涅尔透镜（太阳能聚集装置）收集空间太阳光,并将聚焦光能耦合进光纤束（柔性转向装置）以进行传输和换向.由3个薄透镜组成的透镜组（二次发射装置）将出射光线整合成高强平行光束进行光能传输,将光能以高强太阳光形式无线传输至航天器群落,实现能量供给.该能量供给平台能量收集传输效率可达到70%以上,在提高效率、降低成本方面具有一定的优越性.      

基于改进人工势场法的服务机器人路径规划

人工势场法是服务机器人路径规划算法中一种简单有效的方法.针对传统人工势场法存在的目标不可达问题,通过在原来的斥力函数中加入一个调节因子的方法解决,同时采用遍历搜索法解决局部极小值问题,并引入安全距离以及改进调节因子以提高机器人路径规划过程中的安全性能.最后,利用Matlab软件将改进后的人工势场法应用于服务机器人路径规划并进行了仿真实验.仿真结果表明,基于改进人工势场法的服务机器人路径规划有效地解决了机器人不能到达目标点的问题.     

三元乙丙橡胶薄膜黏接界面温度相关性力学性能

采用双悬臂夹层梁(DCSB)试件对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)薄膜黏接界面Ⅰ型断裂的温度相关性进行了研究;采用线弹性断裂力学(LEFM)方法获取了黏接界面断裂能,将其与单轴拉伸所得内聚强度作为双线性内聚力模型(CZM)参数,对不同温度条件下双悬臂夹层梁试件的Ⅰ型断裂行为进行了数值仿真.结果表明:仿真与实验曲线偏差较大,偏差出现的原因主要是未经修正的线弹性断裂力学方法所求断裂能存在较大的误差,需对其进行修正.调整模型参数使仿真曲线与实验曲线重合,获取了黏接界面的准确力学性能参数,采用此参数得到的仿真结果与实验结果具有较高的吻合度,证明了模型的可适用性.     

多电飞机混合储能系统的设计与仿真

多电飞机直流配电系统是电功率传输的核心,由于涡轮电机的单向性,系统并不完全可逆。为了维持直流汇流条的稳定、提高能源效率,需建立相应的存储和消耗系统。研究了一种带有超级电容器的多电飞机储能系统,分析了该系统中超级电容器的作用及其控制策略,根据超级电容器本身的特性利用Matlab/Simulink软件建立相应仿真模型,并针对于飞机电网突加和突卸负载时电压不同状态设计了相应控制策略,通过仿真实验验证了带有超级电容器的混合储能系统的有效性。     

基于能量法和特征值法的颤振预测数值方法研究

为研究适用于工程设计的颤振数值预测方法,采用能量法和特征值法对出现颤振现象的真实叶片进行预测。通过将2种数值方法的预测结果与试验结果进行对比,验证数值预测方法的精度和工程适用性。结果表明:2种方法都较准确的判断了某典型风扇转子叶片的气弹稳定性,与试验结果基本吻合,具有较高的工程实用价值。     

上下游干涉对转子叶片颤振特性的影响

使用自行开发的非定常流动数值模拟程序,分别考虑上、下游叶排干涉作用对转子叶片的颤振特性进行了研究,分析尾迹和势干扰对气动阻尼的影响规律.对转子叶片表面非定常压力进行傅里叶变换,使用能量法计算气动阻尼,研究不同叶片排轴向间距下气动阻尼的变化.通过考虑转静干涉效应的气动阻尼与单转子结果对比,总结了干涉作用对叶片颤振特性的影响规律;结果表明:上游导叶与转子一倍弦长间距时,获得正气动阻尼,与单转子预测的气动弹性稳定性结果相反.说明在进行颤振特性预测时必须考虑转静干涉作用;尾迹和势干扰的强度均随着轴向间距值的减小而加强,且都会加剧叶片气动弹性失稳.