Solitary,explosive and periodic solutions for electron acoustic solitary waves with non-thermal hot ions

A theoretical investigation has been made for electron acoustic waves propagating in a system of unmagnetized collisionless plasma consists of a cold electron fluid and ions with two different temperatures in which the hot ions obey the non-thermal distribution. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg–de Vries equation for small but finite amplitude electrostatic waves. It is found that the presence of the energetic population of non-thermal hot ions δ, initial normalized equilibrium density of low temperature ions μ and the ratio of temperatures of low temperature ions to high temperature ions β do not only significantly modify the basic properties of solitary structure, but also change the polarity of the solitary profiles. At the critical hot ions density, the KdV equation is not appropriate for describing the system. Hence, a new set of stretched coordinates is considered to derive the modified KdV equation. In the vicinity of the critical hot ions density, neither KdV nor modified KdV equation is appropriate for describing the electron acoustic waves. Therefore, a further modified KdV equation is derived. An algebraic method with computerized symbolic computation, which greatly exceeds the applicability of the existing tanh, extended tanh methods in obtaining a series of exact solutions of the various KdV-type equations, is used here. Numerical studies have been reveals different solutions e.g., bell-shaped solitary pulses, singular solitary “blowup” solutions, Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic wave, Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic type solutions, in addition to explosive pulses. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as Earth’s magnetotail region.     

周期性结构在毫米波波导同轴转换中应用

波导同轴转换连接器是微波、毫米波通信和测试中非常重要的器件.基于PBG(Photonic Band-Gap)和阶梯阻抗变换结构在导波系统中对电磁波传播性能的影响,探讨和研究了将这2种周期性结构应用在8 mm波导同轴转换连接器的设计中的情况,通过在同轴腔内导体介质支撑垫中布置二维PBG结构抑制同轴部分横向溢散的电磁波,通过在波导腔体内增加阶梯阻抗结构,改善阻抗变换效率,提高波导同轴转换器件的传输性能.仿真和实验证明了这种PBG/阶梯阻抗变换结构在毫米波波段同轴波导转换设计应用中的有效性,改善了系统的性能及稳定性,在不增加通常的调谐器件情况下,在较宽的频带范围内有效降低了驻波比.      

Response of the extratropical middle atmosphere to the September 2002 major stratospheric sudden warming

The effects of a major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) at extratropical latitudes have been investigated with wind and temperature observations over a Brazilian station, Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W) during September–October 2002. In response to the warming at polar latitudes a corresponding cooling at tropical and extratropical latitudes is prominent in the stratosphere. A conspicuous signature of latitudinal propagation of a planetary wave of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2 from polar to low latitude has been observed during the warming period. The polar vortex which split into two parts of different size is found to travel considerably low latitude. Significant air mass mixing between low and high latitudes is caused by planetary wave breaking. The meridional wind exhibits oscillations of period 2–4 days during the warming period in the stratosphere. No wave feature is evident in the mesosphere during the warming period, although a 12–14 day periodicity is observed after 2 weeks of the warming event, indicating close resemblance to the results of other simultaneous investigations carried out from high latitude Antarctic stations. Convective activity over the present extratropical station diminishes remarkably during the warming period. This behavior is possibly due to destabilization and shift of equatorial convective active regions towards the opposite hemisphere in response to changes in the mean meridional circulation in concert with the SSW.     

Seismogenic ionospheric anomalies associated with the strong Indonesian earthquake occurred on 11 April 2012 (M = 8.5)

Ionospheric perturbations in possible association with a major earthquake (EQ) (M?=?8.5) which occurred in India-Oceania region are investigated by monitoring subionospheric propagation of VLF signals transmitted from the NWC transmitter (F?=?19.8?kHz), Australia to a receiving station at Varanasi (geographic lat. 25.3°N, long 82.99°E), India. The EQ occurred on 11 April 2012 at 08:38:35?h UT (magnitude?≈?8.5, depth?=?10?km, and lat.?=?2.3°N, long.?=?93.0°E). A significant increase of few days before the EQ has been observed by using the VLF nighttime amplitude fluctuation method (fixed frequency transmitter signal). The analysis of total electron contents (TEC) derived from the global positioning system (GPS) at three different stations namely, Hyderabad (latitude 17.38°N, longitude 78.48°E), Singapore (latitude 1.37°N, longitude 103.84°E) and Port Blair (latitude 11.62°N, longitude 92.72°E) due to this EQ has also been presented. Significant perturbation in TEC data (enhancements and depletion) is noted before and after the main shock of the EQ. The possible mechanisms behind these perturbations due to EQ have also been discussed.     

Stochastic acceleration of charged particle in nonlinear wave field

Possibility of stochastic acceleration of charged particle by nonlinear waves is investigated. Spatially regular (SR) and spatiotemporal chaotic (STC) wave solutions evolving from saddle steady wave are tested as the fields. In the non-steady SR field the particle is finally trapped by the wave and averagely gains its group velocity, while in the STC field the particle motion displays trapped-free phases with its averaged velocity larger or smaller than the group velocity depending on the charge sign. A simplified model is established to investigate the acceleration mechanism. By analogy with motor protein, it is found that the virtual pattern of saddle steady wave plays a role of asymmetric potential, which and the nonlinear varying perturbation wave are the two sufficient ingredients for the acceleration in our case. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Stability and waves of transonic laboratory and space plasmas

The properties of magnetohydrodynamic waves and instabilities of laboratory and space plasmas are determined by the overall magnetic confinement geometry and by the detailed distributions of the density, pressure, magnetic field, and background velocity of the plasma. Consequently, measurement of the spectrum of MHD waves (MHD spectroscopy) gives direct information on the internal state of the plasma, provided a theoretical model is available to solve the forward as well as the inverse spectral problems. This terminology entails a program, viz. to improve the accuracy of our knowledge of plasmas, both in the laboratory and in space. Here, helioseismology (which could be considered as one of the forms of MHD spectroscopy) may serve as a luminous example. The required study of magnetohydrodynamic waves and instabilities of both laboratory and space plasmas has been conducted for many years starting from the assumption of static equilibrium. Recently, there is a outburst of interest for plasma states where this assumption is violated. In fusion research, this interest is due to the importance of neutral beam heating and pumped divertor action for the extraction of heat and exhaust needed in future tokamak reactors. Both result in rotation of the plasma with speeds that do not permit the assumption of static equilibrium anymore. In astrophysics, observations in the full range of electromagnetic radiation has revealed the primary importance of plasma flows in such diverse situations as coronal flux tubes, stellar winds, rotating accretion disks, and jets emitted from radio galaxies. These flows have speeds which substantially influence the background stationary equilibrium state, if such a state exists at all. Consequently, it is important to study both the stationary states of magnetized plasmas with flow and the waves and instabilities they exhibit. We will present new results along these lines, extending from the discovery of gaps in the continuous spectrum and low-frequency Alfvén waves driven by rotation to the nonlinear flow patterns that occur when the background speed traverses the full range from sub-slow to super-fast. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dynamical Systems Approach to Space Environment Turbulence

Space plasmas are dominated by waves, instabilities and turbulence. Dynamical systems approach offers powerful mathematical and computational techniques to probe the origin and nature of space environment turbulence. Using the nonlinear dynamics tools such as the bifurcation diagram and Poincaré maps, we study the transition from order to chaos, from weak to strong chaos, and the destruction of a chaotic attractor. The characterization of the complex system dynamics of the space environment, such as the Alfvén turbulence, can improve the capability of monitoring Sun-Earth connections and prediction of space weather. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

二维静电孤立波的粒子模拟研究

利用二维粒子模拟程序研究了双流不稳定性激发静电波并演化为静电孤立波的物理过程.计算结果表明,在线性增长阶段,主要激发的是沿磁场传播的静电波;在非线性演化阶段,相邻的静电波会互相合并,直至形成静电孤立波,并可激发静电哨声波.还研究了磁场强度和离子温度对此过程的影响.当磁场强度比较小时,无法形成静电孤立波,只有磁场强度达到一定程度后静电孤立波才能形成;同时,离子温度会影响静电孤立波的稳定性,当离子温度比较小时,静电孤立波的稳定性减弱,在演化一段时间后会逐渐瓦解.      

入射喷口宽度对环形射流激波聚焦起爆爆震的影响分析

为了研究射流入射喷口宽度对环形激波聚焦爆震起爆的影响,本文以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同射流入射喷口宽度的环形激波聚焦爆震起爆过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,当入射温度为一定值时,不同宽度的环形射流入射喷口对应着不同入射压力pin的临界值,当pin大于该临界值时,其形成的激波聚焦才能够形成高温、高压区域,从而起爆爆震波;随着入射喷口宽度的增加,射流的入射强度增大,其对应的临界入射压力随之减小。     

有涂覆层的导体圆柱空间散射特性的数值计算

文中根据带有涂覆层的导体圆柱在平面波的照射下的散射场表达式,进行了全面的数值计算,说明了虚宗量的Bessel函数和Hankel函数的计算方法,分别给出了平行极化波和垂直极化波入射时双站RCS的计算曲线,包括不同涂覆层厚度的影响、入射波频率、涂覆层介质的相对介电常数、导磁率变化时双站RCS的变化规律,获得了有参考意义的结果.