Alfvén wave heating

This review discusses Alfvén wave heating in non-uniform plasmas as a possible means for explaining the heating of the solar corona. It focusses on recent analytical results that enable us to understand the basic physics of Alfvén wave heating and help us with the interpretation of results of numerical simulations. First we consider the singular wave solutions that are found in linear ideal MHD at the resonant magnetic surface where the frequency of the wave equals the local Alfvén frequency. Next, we use linear resistive MHD for describing the waves in the dissipative region and explain how dissipation modifies the singular solutions found in linear ideal MHD.     

跨音速喷管流场波系分布的数值仿真

应用分离系数矩阵方法对跨音速喷管流场进行数值仿真, 同时计算喷管内马赫波分布。采用5151个网格点的计算结果清晰反映出喷管内膨胀波和压缩波的生成和反射。数值仿真与实验结果在宽广马赫数范围内吻合一致, 并揭示了波系分区分布, 反映出波系影响下跨音速喷管流场参数分布的规律性。      

NND格式的推广及在粘流计算中的应用

本文把ＮＮＤ格式推广到了特征变量，守恒变量和原始变量形式。通过引入通量差分分裂方法，由守恒变量形式的ＮＮＤ格式得到了Ｒｏｅ的近拟Ｒｉｅｍａｎｎ解法，并讨论了限制器的作用。在隐式ＮＮＤ格式中引入了一种分解算法，提高了计算效率。本文的数值计算表明，ＮＮＤ格式对复杂波系干扰，边界层分离与再附等流动现象均有较高的分辨率。     

Direct numerical simulation of impinging shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction over a wavy-wall

The interaction of an impinging oblique shock wave with an angle of 30° and a supersonic turbulent boundary layer at Ma_∞=2.9 and Re_θ = 2400 over a wavy-wall is investigated through direct numerical simulation and compared with the interaction on a flat-plate under the same flow conditions. A sinusoidal wave with amplitude to wavelength ratio of 0.26 moves in the streamwise direction and is uniformly distributed across the spanwise direction. The influences of the wavy-wall on the interaction, including the characterization of the flow field, the skin-friction, pressure and the budget of turbulence kinetic energy, are systematically studied. The region of separation grows slightly and decomposes into four bubbles. Local peaks of skin-friction are observed at the rear part of the interaction region. The low-frequency shock motion can be seen in the wall pressure spectra. Analyses of the turbulence kinetic energy budget indicate that both diffusion and transport significantly increase near the crests, balanced by an amplified dissipation in the near-wall region. Proper orthogonal decomposition analyses show that the most energetic structures are associated with the separated shock and the shear layer over the bubbles. Only the bubbles in the first two troughs are dominated by a low-frequency enlargement or shrinkage.     

Subsonic impulsively starting flow at a high angle of attack with shock wave and vortex interaction

Impulsively starting flow, by a sudden attainment of a large angle of attack, has been well studied for incompressible and supersonic flows, but less studied for subsonic flow. Recently, a preliminary numerical study for subsonic starting flow at a high angle of attack displays an advance of stall around a Mach number of 0.5, when compared to other Mach numbers. To see what happens in this special case, we conduct here in this paper a further study for this case, to display and analyze the full flow structures. We find that for a Mach number around 0.5, a local supersonic flow region repeatedly splits and merges, and a pair of left-going and right-going unsteady shock waves are embedded inside the leading edge vortex once it is sufficiently grown up and detached from the leading edge. The flow evolution during the formation of shock waves is displayed in detail. The reason for the formation of these shock waves is explained here using the Laval nozzle flow theory. The existence of this shock pair inside the vortex, for a Mach number only close to 0.5, may help the growing of the trailing edge vortex responsible for the advance of stall observed previously.     

激光引致水诱导空气击穿所获无约束流场演化过程的实验研究

流场演化过程是揭示激光推进机理的重要研究内容之一。利用纹影系统和PCO-HSFC 高速相机,首次拍摄了自来水诱导CO₂激光击穿空气产生的激波向空气和水中的演化过程。阐述了产生两次气蚀空穴的原因：初始时刻产生的空穴为激波作用于水面所致,第二次空穴出现在相机被触发后约8 μs 时,是激光烧蚀水蒸气作用于水面所形成的低压区。实验结果表明：击穿后流场向激光入射方向（空气中）演化较快,激波初速度较大,约为6 km/s;流场向水中演化相对较缓,激波初速度约为3.33 km/s。两者都服从指数衰减,分别在约73.368 μs 和41.649 μs 时衰减到声速。研究结果对于把水作为工质应用于激光推进有一定意义。     

反向电集流出现率与大气准两年振荡

本文分析印度Trivandrum地磁台的约两个太阳黑子周期的地磁场水平分量小时值。在部分地消除了太阳黑子周期及一年周期变化后,发现了反向电集流出现率的QBO调制现象:QBO东风相反向电集流出现率增加;QBO西风相反向电集流出现率减小。据此讨论了反向电集流的形成机制,认为大气行星波在其上传过程中与太阳半日波或太阴半日波的相互作用,有可能导致两种半日波的放大和相位移动,并最终导致反向电集流的出现。     

Some Observational Evidence of Alfven Surface Waves Induced Magnetic Reconnection

The surface wave induced magnetic reconnection (SWIMR) model based on Alfven Resonance theory will be discussed briefly both for collisional and collisionless plasmas. It is shown that the spatial scales and time delays associated with Flux Transfer Events and Pulsed Ionospheric Flows, as observed by satellites and SuperDARN radars and the magnetic bubbles, observed at the high latitude boundary of the magnetopause, can be explained by the SWIMR model. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

NEW APPROACH TO OBTAIN SPACE-TIME CONSERVATION SCHEMES

Inordertoovercometheseverallimitationsofthetraditionalmetheds,anewnumericalmethodofspace-timeconservationelementandsolutionelement(CE/SE)forsolvingconser-vationlawswasdevelopedbyChang['j.Thismethoddifferssubstantiallyinbothconceptandmethedologyfromthewell-establishedmethodslsuchasfinitedifference,finiteelement,etc.,andithasmanynontraditionalfeatures.First,spaceandtimeareunifiedandtreatedonthesamefooting,andbytheintroductionofconservationelementandsolutionelement,bothlocalandglobalfluxconserv…     

大气波动传播问题的一种无反射数值边界格式

根据无反射边界条件的基本原则,考虑到高阶的数值边界格式可以减小边界误差和虚假反射,利用曲线拟合中最小二乘法的思想,提出了一种高阶的光滑拟合外推边界格式(SFEBS).因为大气运动的控制方程简化后可以归结为一个对流方程,所以作为边界格式之间的比较和检验,在一维情况下用对流方程和数值模拟中具有代表性的波包和激波作为算例,将其与传统的基于Taylor展开思想构造的边界条件(TEBS)进行了比较.计算结果表明,在高阶情况下,用SFEBS计算波动传播问题的虚假反射约为用同阶TEBS计算的1/6,说明高阶的SFEBS可以作为一种很好的无返射数值边界格式.为今后模拟大气波动提供了一种很好的数值边界格式.