仪器分析中样品的微波消解处理

本文阐述了现代仪器分析中采用微波消解技术进行样品预处理的优越性。介绍了人发样品（生物类）和植物根茎类样品进行微波消解处理的处理程序，较之常规的电热板加热消化处理，可节约试剂５０％，节省时间６０％以上，消解效果良好。     

微波对超声速燃烧火焰结构的影响

超声速中等离子辅助燃烧是一种具有潜力的助燃方式。通过将低功率微波馈入超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的方式，研究了微波对火焰结构的影响。实验来流马赫数为2.5，常温乙烯燃料从壁面横向射流，以单级凹腔作为火焰稳定器，分别加入500 W和700 W连续2.45 GHz的微波，利用高速相机拍摄火焰CH^*发光图像。研究表明微波的加入使超声速火焰稳定结构发生改变，火焰的起始和稳定位置从凹腔剪切层向射流出口转移，表明微波对火焰传播速度或者燃烧反应速率有增强作用。同时利用火焰边界提取和分形几何的方法，发现微波能够增大火焰边界分形维度，分析认为火焰传播速度由于微波的加入而增加，证明小功率的微波对超声速燃烧有促进作用。     

基于双驱调制的高速光电探测器频响自校准表征

针对当前高速光电探测器频率响应测试的问题,提出了基于双驱调制的高速光电探测器频响自校准表征方法。该方法通过设置双驱调制频率为近似相等关系克服了电-光响应器件不平坦响应的额外校准,实现了光电探测器频率响应的自校准表征。同时,通过采用双驱调制频率的和频与差频拍频边带的相对功率来获得光电探测器的频率响应,摆脱了双驱马赫-曾德尔调制器偏置漂移的影响并扩展了两倍以上的测试带宽。相比于全光激励法,提高了测量精度与动态范围;与传统电光激励法相比,克服了强度调制器偏置漂移的影响和额外校准的难题;优于先前的双音调制法,简化了测试系统和降低了测量成本。光电探测器频率响应的实验测量结果与强度噪声法测量结果以及与该光电探测器出厂数据的一致性验证了该方法的正确性。     

大飞机风切变探测告警系统

介绍了国内外在机载风切变告警系统方面的研究进展,通过对比国内外的研究情况,发现由于国内的需求不足,使得在具体产品的研究进展上与国外存在较大差距。由于中国大飞机研究项目的全面展开．也必然为包括机载风切变告警系统在内的、与大飞机有关的各种机载产品的发展提供了很好的机会。指出为了尽快弥补国内研究的差距,需在风切变建模、风切变探测及风切变告警系统的试飞验证方面做出进一步努力。     

微波着陆信息处理系统研究

微波着陆信息处理系统是MLS机载设备在研制、生产和维修过程中必不可少的一种专用测试设备,文中论述了研究微波着陆信息处理系统的必要性,并从硬件结构上说明了微波着陆信息处理系统的工作原理。     

On the early phase of relativistic solar particle events: Are there signatures of acceleration mechanism?

Many physical processes precede and accompany the solar energetic particles (SEP) occurrence on the Earth’s orbit. Explosive energy release on the Sun gives rise to a flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME). X-ray and gamma emissions are believed to be connected with flares. Radio emission is signature of disturbances traveling through the corona and interplanetary space. Particles can gain energy both in the flare and the accompanying wave processes. The beginning of the SEP events has the advantage of being the phase most close to the time of acceleration. Influence of interplanetary transport is minimal in the case of first arriving relativistic solar protons recorded by ground based neutron monitors in so called ground-level enhancements (GLE). The early phase of the SEP events attracts attention of many scientists searching for the understanding of particle acceleration. However, they come to the opposite conclusions. While some authors find arguments for coronal mass ejections as a sole accelerator of SEPs, others prove a flare to be the SEP origin. Here, the circumstances of SEP generation for several GLEs of the 23rd solar cycle are considered. Timing of X-ray, CME, and radio emissions shows a great variety from event to event. However, the time of particle ejection from the Sun is closer to maximum of X-ray emission than to any other phenomena considered. No correlation is found between the particle fluxes and the CME characteristics.     

The dust content of clusters of galaxies

We have statistically investigated the infrared luminosity of clusters of galaxies in comparison with the known tracers of the cluster mass like the X-ray luminosity and the cluster richness (e.g. the number of member galaxies). Our results show that there is a clear positive correlation of the infrared luminosity with the cluster mass. Quantitatively speaking, the infrared luminosity is on average 20 times higher than the X-ray luminosity. Moreover, the infrared luminosity increases with the redshift. This probably shows that a major part of this infrared luminosity is due to star formation in the member galaxies. Another possible contribution would be the thermal emission from dust particles in the diffuse intracluster medium. However our method does not allow us to infer conclusions about this second hypothesis. Depending on their size and abundance, such particles would contribute to the infrared luminosity of galaxy cluster and have an impact on the cooling function of the baryons and thus on the formation of the large scale structures. This is an important cosmological question which still remains open.     

RF低噪音放大器的仿真设计方法

探讨了使用惠普公司的微波电路仿真软件EESOF/Libra设计射频集成电路(RFIC)接收端的低噪音放大器(LNA)的方法.设计采用惠普砷化稼场效应管(HP ATF-21186).由于ATF-21186的稳定性欠佳,且放大器的整体增益在33?dB以上,噪声系数小于2,输入、输出驻波系数小于2,因此对如何提高电路的稳定性、降低噪声系数及具有较好的输入输出匹配特性进行了研究.设计过程首先从等效集总元件电路模型设计入手,然后使用平面结构实现各集总元件以便易于集成.经过EESOF的整体仿真,表明该方法正确有效.     

条形碳化硅纤维的制备与性能

使用异形喷丝板通过熔融纺丝制备出条形聚碳硅烷原纤维,然后经不熔化及高温烧成得到条形碳化硅纤维。通过X射线衍射仪分析了条形碳化硅纤维的构成、强度及电磁性能。结果表明,条形碳化硅纤维主要由β-SiC和无定形SiC组成,纤维的当量直径为20~31μm,拉伸强度为0.8~2.4 GPa,介电常数实部ε′为6.2~6.8,虚部ε″为2.5~3.3。条形碳化硅纤维可用作结构吸波材料。     

基于LabVIEW的空间碎片高速撞击数据采集系统设计与实现

利用声发射传感器对空间碎片的撞击数据进行实时采集监测,用以对航天器在轨安全防护提供预警。该系统基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器技术,采用图形化编程语言实现了高速数据的采集。具有数据采集、实时波形显示、数据存储等功能,编程简捷、精度高、稳定性好,且人机界面友好。