释放SF6气体扰动电离层时的人工气辉研究

在电离层高度释放SF₆气体能够显著扰动电离层.根据SF₆分子在电离层中的扩散方程,同时考虑其在电离层中主要的离子化学反应,研究了SF₆气体释放后电离层各粒子浓度的时空变化,计算了产生人工气辉的体发射系数和发射强度.结果表明,SF₆气体在电离层高度释放后,电子和O⁺的密度均有大幅度下降,主要的负离子成分由电子转变成SF₅^-;在释放过程中,主要产生777.4 nm和135.6 nm两种气辉,且前者的气辉强度远小于后者;电离层温度对气辉的强度有很大的影响.本文的数值计算与美国IMS/SF₆实验观测数据进行比较,结果近似,且通过数据比较还能准确推断出实验时当地的电离层温度.     

增益对星载微波辐射计系统线性度的影响分析

针对星载微波辐射计中检波器的工作特性进行分析. 观测固定目标时, 通过调节AGC (Automatic Gain Control)的大小, 定量分析系统伏安特性曲线, 对星载微波辐射计系统线性度进行定性分析. 结果表明, 通过调节AGC大小, 系统增益发生变化, 导致检波器工作区间发生微弱变化, 通过两点定标不能完全消除由于增益引起的非线性误差. 对一定亮温范围的观测目标进行分析, 结果证明, AGC变化时反算亮温与实际目标亮温差值随观测亮温的变化而成非线性变化. 从而证明, 系统增益变化导致的亮温变化通过两点线性定标并不能完全消除. 在系统正常工作或实时定标过程中, 要尽量避免调节AGC值, 保证微波辐射计系统工作在线性区间.      

用于辐射计定标源发射率测量的标定方法

针对用于风云系列卫星有效载荷微波辐射计的地面定标的定标源的双站测量系统进行建模,引入与待测的有限大周期方锥阵列定标源结构一致的锥形阵列金属标定体(标定锥),取代常规的标定金属平板(标定板).通过基于三维时域有限差分(FDTD,Finite-Difference Time-Domain)算法和等效时谐场外推理论的仿真,结果显示标定锥具有与定标源相似的散射分布特性,并通过基于天线近场耦合理论的分析,标定锥与定标源具有相近的天线耦合功率密度分布,因此,用标定锥作为标定体可有效地消减由天线口面带来的近场天线耦合的误差.对于文中给定的定标源模型,在不考虑收发天线直接耦合的条件下,采用标定锥取代标定板进行标定可以将定标源发射率的测量精度提高一个数量级.      

Generating precise and homogeneous orbits for Jason-1 and Jason-2

Driven by the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) initiatives the user community has a strong demand for high-quality altimetry products. In order to derive such high-quality altimetry products, precise orbits for the altimetry satellites are a necessity. With the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992 a still on-going time series of high-accuracy altimetry measurements of ocean topography started, continued by the altimetry missions Jason-1 in 2001 and Jason-2/OSTM in 2008. This paper contributes to the on-going orbit reprocessing carried out by several groups and presents the efforts of the Navigation Support Office at ESA/ESOC using its NAPEOS software for the generation of precise and homogeneous orbits referring to the same reference frame for the altimetry satellites Jason-1 and Jason-2. Data of all three tracking instruments on-board the satellites (beside the altimeter), i.e. GPS, DORIS, and SLR measurements, were used in a combined data analysis. About 7 years of Jason-1 data and more than 1 year of Jason-2 data were processed. Our processing strategy is close to the GDR-C standards. However, we estimated slightly different scaling factors for the solar radiation pressure model of 0.96 and 0.98 for Jason-1 and Jason-2, respectively. We used 30 s sampled GPS data and introduced 30 s satellite clocks stemming from ESOC’s reprocessing of the combined GPS/GLONASS IGS solution. We present the orbit determination results, focusing on the benefits of adding GPS data to the solution. The fully combined solution was found to give the best orbit results. We reach a post-fit RMS of the GPS phase observation residuals of 6 mm for Jason-1 and 7 mm for Jason-2. The DORIS post-fit residuals clearly benefit from using GPS data in addition, as the DORIS data editing improves. The DORIS observation RMS for the fully combined solution is with 3.5 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, 0.3 mm better than for the DORIS-SLR solution. Our orbit solution agrees well with external solutions from other analysis centers, as CNES, LCA, and JPL. The orbit differences between our fully combined orbits and the CNES GDR-C orbits are of about 0.8 cm for Jason-1 and at 0.9 cm for Jason-2 in the radial direction. In the cross-track component we observe a clear improvement when adding GPS data to the POD process. The 3D-RMS of the orbit differences reveals a good orbit consistency at 2.7 cm and 2.9 cm for Jason-1 and Jason-2. Our resulting orbit series for both Jason satellites refer to the ITRF2005 reference frame and are provided in sp3 file format on our ftp server.     

固体火箭发动机排气羽流对微波衰减的计算方法

研究了弱电离的羽流等离子体对平面正弦微波的衰减机理,应用羽流等离子体电磁场标准Maxwell方程,结合颗粒相产物充放电的Shukla方程,给出有效用于微波衰减的预估方法;编制了(Radio fre-quency attenuation calculation,简称RFAC)羽流场微波衰减计算软件;分析了羽流场各特性参数对复电导率及微波衰减常数的影响规律,并结合ThermoCalc推进剂热力学评估系统计算了两种不同推进剂配方下,喷管出口羽流场对微波制导信号的衰减,计算结果与文献中的实验结果符合较好.      

基于CCERT与声发射技术的气液固三相流相含率测量

传统的相含率测量方法在测量三相流相含率时只能对某单一相进行检测,针对此问题,基于电容耦合电阻层析成像(CCERT)技术与声发射技术,建立了相含率测量模型,提出了一种三相流各相相含率的非侵入式测量方法。利用偏最小二乘回归法,在静态情况下建立CCERT技术的相含率测量模型,同时在鼓泡床上进行动态实验,采用差压法进行同步测量作为参考值验证模型的有效性,实现了对两相相含率的非接触测量。在此基础上,通过对声发射技术采集到的声音信号进行处理,建立声发射技术的气相相含率预测模型,利用该模型测量出三相体系中的气相相含率,结合CCERT技术测量出三相体系中的不导电相相含率,从而利用非侵入式测量方法得到三相流中的各相相含率。     

高功率微波武器与反辐射导弹对抗研究

根据反辐射导弹和高功率微波武器的发展现状,从理论和技术上对高功率微波武器与反辐射导弹对抗的可行性进行了初步分析和探讨。     

星载大型旋转部件的热平衡试验方法

星载大型旋转部件因其构型复杂和相对星体其他部分转动的特性,给热设计的验证带来诸多难题。文章以“海洋二号”卫星的微波散射计为例,分别采用通过地面试验直接获取在轨预示温度的直接验证方法,以及验证热分析模型、再由热分析模型预示在轨温度的间接验证方法进行热平衡试验。通过对试验结果、热分析结果和在轨飞行结果的对比,验证了这2种试验方法正确、有效。     

共形波导场近似解及缝隙天线

把矩形波导一个宽面外突成均匀曲面构成的新波导统称为共形波导.利用金属波导边界条件、变分法、边界元素法构造这种新波导中主模场的一种近似解表达式,包括曲面横截线为对称、非对称圆弧,抛物线弧,双曲线弧,椭圆弧等.然后根据等效原理,推导非对称圆弧 矩形波导曲面上窄的纵向半波长缝隙的等效谐振电导的近似计算公式,给出计算曲线.这种解虽然是近似的,但却能解决这类共形波导缝隙天线的工程设计.     

Fabrication and Investigation on Double-Hollow Shell CoFe Oxide@TiO2 Nanocube with Superior Electromagnetic Properties

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are urgently required in the fields of medicine, communication, and military. However, the thickness, weight, narrow effective bandwidth, and weak absorbing ability of the materials restrict their further application. In this work, a double-layer hollow nanocube with a dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell and a magnetic CoFe oxide inner shell is prepared. Prussian blue (PB) is prepared by the hydrothermal method, and used as the template to prepare PB@CoFe PB analogue (PBA). After selective etching and further calcination, hollow CoFe oxide particles are obtained. The obtained particles are then coated with SiO2 and TiO2, respectively, and the intermediate layer is dislodged to obtain the final CoFe oxide@TiO2 with the hollow double shell structure. The obtained double-layer hollow structure can effectively capture the incident electromagnetic waves, and increase the propagation path. Moreover, the obvious enhancement of interface polarization and the improvement of impedance matching enhance the wave absorbing ability of the material. The analysis results show that, the structure is stable and the dispersion is good. The maximum reflection loss (RL) at 10 GHz is as high as -46.1 dB with the sample thickness of 1.6 mm. The light-weight and high-efficiency CoFe oxide@TiO2 absorber is promised to be used in commercial and military aerospace fields.