智能结构中埋入式光纤传感器的研究

针对复合材料结构试件内部参量的测量提出了一种新型埋入式光纤传感器的研究方案。这种方案是采用双光敏管结构来检测干涉条纹的，运用适当的处理电路来计数条纹的移动量，并判断条纹的移动方向，从而测出复合材料构件内部物理参量的变化。对这种干涉型埋入式光纤传感器用于复合材料试件内部应变测量进行了理论推导，导出了条纹的移动量与应变的关系，并把这种传感器埋入环氧树脂复合材料梁中，对其应变进行了测量，给出了实验装置和     

Enhancement and Validation of the IDES Orbital Debris Environment Model

Orbital debris environment models are essential in predicting the characteristics of the entire debris environment, especially for altitude and size regimes where measurement data is sparse. Most models are also used to assess mission collision risk. The IDES (Integrated Debris Evolution Suite) simulation model has recently been upgraded by including a new sodium–potassium liquid coolant droplet source model and a new historical launch database. These and other features of IDES are described in detail. The accuracy of the IDES model is evaluated over a wide range of debris sizes by comparing model predictions to three major types of debris measurement data in low Earth orbit. For the large-size debris population, the model is compared with the spatial density distribution of the United States (US) Space Command Catalog. A radar simulation model is employed to predict the detection rates of mid-size debris in the field of view of the US Haystack radar. Finally, the small-size impact flux relative to a surface of the retrieved Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) spacecraft is predicted. At sub-millimetre sizes, the model currently under-predicts the debris environment encountered at low altitudes by approximately an order of magnitude. This is because other small-size debris sources, such as paint flakes have not yet been characterised. Due to the model enhancements, IDES exhibits good accuracy when predicting the debris environment at decimetre and centimetre sizes. Therefore, the validated initial conditions and the high fidelity future traffic model enables IDES to make long-term debris environment projections with more confidence.     

绕平板上直圆柱体的高超声速湍流分离流

本文给出直圆柱上游中心线上壁面压力和热流特性及其分离激波运动的特征参数。试验条件是:自由流马赫数为7.8和5,单位长度雷诺数为3.5×10~7/米和4.7×10~7/米。结果表明:1.直圆柱上游中心线上的流场是一个有二次分离的流场,平均壁面压力分布呈双峰型,平均热流分布略有不同,出现一近似平台区,但在分离激波上游影响起始区域和直圆柱前缘邻近区域(x/D<0.5),两者变化极其相似。来流马赫数愈高,分离激波在中心线上的上游影响区长度和峰压及峰热值愈大。2.分离激波是极其不稳定的,出现大尺度低频运动,激波流向运动尺度约0.5D,振荡频率主要集中在2.5kHz以下。     

Variability study of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 120°E longitude

In this paper, latitudinal profiles of the vertical total electron content (TEC) deduced from the dual-frequency GPS measurements obtained at ground stations around 120°E longitude were used to study the variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The present study mainly focuses on the analysis of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio (TEC-CTR) which is an important parameter representing the strength of EIA. Data used for the present study covered the time period from 01 January, 1998 to 31 December, 2004. An empirical orthogonal function analysis method is used to obtain the main features of the TEC-CTR’s diurnal and seasonal variations as well as its solar activity level dependency. Our results showed that: (1) The diurnal variation pattern of the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude is characterized by two remarkable peaks, one occurring in the post-noon hours around 13–14 LT, and the other occurring in the post-sunset hours around 20–21 LT, and the post-sunset peak has a much higher value than the post-noon one. (2) Both for the north and south crests, the TEC-CTR at 120°E longitude showed a semi-annual variation with maximum peak values occurring in the equinoctial months. (3) TEC-CTR for the north crest has lower values in summer than in winter, whereas TEC-CTR for the south crest does not show this ‘winter anomaly’ effect. In other words, TEC-CTR for both the north and south crests has higher values in the northern hemispheric winter than in the northern hemispheric summer. (4) TEC-CTR in the daytime post-noon hours (12–14 LT) does not vary much with the solar activity, however, TEC-CTR in the post-sunset hours (19–21 LT) shows a clear dependence on the solar activity, its values increasing with solar activity.     

前置导叶对叶栅出口涡系的影响

详细测量了平行进口端壁附面层与设前导叶两种进口条件下某涡轮叶栅的出口流场。测量结果表明, 两种情况下在叶栅出口形成了类似的涡系结构, 但是条件不同涡系形成的机制不同。此外, 损失的大小与分布也发生了变化。      

格栅湍流场风参数沿风洞轴向变化规律

格栅湍流场常用于各类风洞试验中,桥梁断面气动参数均与来流风参数有关。对不同格栅湍流场下的风参数沿风洞轴向变化的规律进行了研究,得出风参数主要与测点与格栅断面间距、格栅板条厚度和单元格栅边长有关。随着间距增加,平均风速短期内急剧衰减,然后趋于稳定。随着间距增加,来流湍流的总能量减小而主要能量迁移至高频区域:湍流度呈指数衰减,湍流积分尺度呈增长趋势;约化风谱形状保持相似,峰值对应约化频率值基本保持不变,但峰值变小。另外根据风参数的变化规律,调试出2类特定的湍流场参数:湍流度相似而湍流积分尺度不同的湍流场和湍流积分尺度相似而湍流度不同的湍流场,以便于详尽研究主要风参数对桥梁断面气动参数的影响。     

DORIS system: The new age

The boarding of the first DGXX DORIS instrument on Jason-2 mission gives us the opportunity to present the improvements that have been implemented on the DORIS system. The goal of this paper is to present information about the new capacities of the DORIS system and to give the current status of its components. An overview of the DORIS system, the International DORIS Service and the Jason-2 satellite mission are first presented. Then the new characteristics of the on-board instrument are detailed. The capacity to track up to seven ground beacons simultaneously dramatically increases the number of measurements performed: a factor of three increase over Jason-1 is observed at the altitude of 1330 km. It also increases the diversity of directions of observation and allows low elevation measurements from 0°. The new phase measurements capability allows now phase processing. The instability of the Jason-1 USOs (Ultra-Stable Oven-controlled quartz oscillator) while crossing the South Atlantic Anomaly has been solved by decreasing the sensitivity to radiation by a factor of 10. New features of the on-board software enhance the coastal and inland water altimetry and increase the robustness of the data. The new software also improves the real time orbit accuracy for operational altimetry. The improvements introduced concurrently on the ground segment have also significantly enhanced capability. The new RINEX exchange formats provide simultaneous phase and pseudo-range measurements. The maintenance of the DORIS Beacons Network and the work done by the DORIS Signal Integrity monitoring team lead to an increased availability of the Network from 75% to 90% and so to a more homogenous orbit coverage.     

苏通长江大桥主梁断面三分力系数的雷诺数效应

以苏通长江大桥为研究背景,研发了一套测压装置,通过测压法对苏通长江大桥施工状态主梁断面三分力系数进行了现场实测研究,并把现场实测所得结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比,研究了雷诺数对三分力系数的影响。结果表明：雷诺数对阻力系数影响较大,现场实测值比风洞试验所得值小约15％,对升力系数及力矩系数影响较小。因此,针对特大桥梁,在利用风洞实验获取三分力系数时应尽量使雷诺数接近实际情况,否则结果可能偏于保守。     

Autonomous navigation for lunar final approach based on gravity gradient measurements

Lunar final approach navigation is critical for pin-point lunar landing in future missions. This study investigates the use of lunar gravity gradient measurements for autonomous navigation of a lunar probe during the final approach phase. As the spacecraft approaches the Moon, the strength of gravity gradient signals improves. A spaceborne gravity gradiometer can precisely measure local gravity gradients, and the latest lunar gravity model GL1500E is used to provide reference values. The employed truncation degree and order of the gravity model are increased stepwise considering the decreasing altitude of the spacecraft in order to reach a compromise between computational costs and model accuracy. An iterative Kalman filter is developed for coupled orbit and attitude estimation using gravity gradient measurements and attitude quaternions obtained from star sensors. A simulated spacecraft with a gradiometer noise level of 0.01 E is considered. Simulation results show that the spacecraft’s position converges rapidly and achieves an accuracy of less than 100 m at the last epoch.