Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

基于不相关模态振型的修正技术

为充分利用试验测量结果,探讨了一种修正技术,不但有效利用试验数据中与有限元模型相关的模态信息,同时也有效利用不相关模态信息,并成功应用于某型现代高推质比涡扇发动机结构中.通过计算,修正后的模型计算值与试验测试值比较接近,误差接近0,MAC（model assurance criteria）值接近1.研究表明:利用不相关模态振型的模型修正技术能够有效得到准确的修正参数值,且修正后的有限元模型具有很高的计算精度.      

民机研制系统工程若干基本概念的哲学思考

出于自主创新的需要,国内航空工业界已逐渐认识到系统工程方法在民机研制中的重要性。因此,越来越多的民机企业开始采用国际权威的《民用飞机与系统研制指南(SAE ARP 4754A)》来进行民机型号的研制,以确保民机型号研制过程能满足适航审查的要求。然而,由于这一指南中的一些基本概念不够清晰、逻辑也不严密,使得国内民机工程师难以准确把握系统工程的本质,进而导致他们实施系统工程方法时面临着很大的困难。从科学哲学、设计哲学等与民机研制紧密相关的学科出发,对民机研制系统工程中的若干基本概念进行了剖析,并在此基础上提出了一组更加清晰的系统工程概念(即行为、作用、功能、需求、要求等),以方便民机工程师能更好地理解系统工程方法的本质,并能在民机型号研制过程中进行应用。     

TC6钛合金超塑性变形

对TC6钛合金在800~900℃温度区间内,分别进行应变速率为0.0001~0.1 s-1的恒应变速率法拉伸实验和最大m值法超塑性拉伸实验,获得拉伸过程应力-应变曲线,并采用金相显微镜对拉伸后断口附近显微组织进行分析。结果表明：TC6合金表现出良好的超塑性性能,随着应变速率或温度的升高,伸长率先增大后减小,恒应变速率拉伸时,在温度850℃、应变速率0.001 s-1条件下伸长率可达到993%;在同一变形温度下最大m值法拉伸能获得比恒应变速率法更好的超塑性,850℃时伸长率达到1353%;TC6合金在超塑性变形过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶,并随着应变速率和温度的升高动态再结晶行为增强。     

基于径向基函数与混合背景网格的动态网格变形方法

发展了一种基于径向基函数(RBF)插值和混合背景网格映射的动态网格变形方法。混合背景网格由运动物面附近的各向异性网格和偏离运动物面的各向同性网格组成。物面变形或运动后,包含在各向异性背景网格中的所有物面网格点的位移由指定的物面运动规律得到,而各向同性背景网格点的位移通过径向基函数插值获得。然后变形后的计算网格利用计算网格与混合背景网格之间固定的映射关系代数插值得到。各向同性网格距离物面一定的距离,消除了物面保形对径向基函数插值的要求,从而可以减少径向基函数基点的数量,以提高插值的效率和可靠性。最后,通过二维和三维算例对该方法的变形网格质量、参数影响、网格拓扑依赖性、复杂外形变形能力及网格变形效率进行了测试。测试结果表明,该方法能够高效生成大变形下高质量的变形网格。     

一种步进频率信号认知雷达波形优化设计方法

认知雷达常用于完成探测、跟踪、成像及识别等多重任务,为提高其综合性能,需兼顾多方面因素研究其波形优化设计问题。基于此,提出一种基于压缩感知（CS）RIPless准则的步进频率信号认知雷达波形优化设计方法。首先,建立了目标回波信号稀疏模型,分析了其与发射信号模糊函数之间的关系。其次,根据模型中观测矩阵的构造,基于RIPless准则,将波形设计问题转化为概率分布的互相干参数及其协方差矩阵的条件数的优化问题,从而通过自适应寻优算法,获得优化的步进频率信号脉冲重复时间间隔序列和子脉冲频率序列。相较于传统方法,所提方法在信号发射与接收之间形成了信息实时反馈和信号优化重构的闭环,在高概率准确重构目标径向一维距离像的同时,也实现了发射信号模糊函数的优化。最后,仿真计算验证了所提方法的有效性。     

随机环境应力冲击下基于多参数相关退化的导弹部件寿命预测

为了解决某型导弹部件的贮存寿命预测问题,提出了一种随机环境应力冲击下基于多参数相关退化的寿命预测方法。针对产品存在退化失效与突发失效两种失效模式,利用Wiener、Gamma及Inverse Gaussian等随机过程模型拟合各性能参数的退化数据,并采用Copula函数进行相关性退化失效建模;利用随机环境应力冲击解释突发失效的机理,并采用非均匀泊松过程对突发失效建模;进而建立退化失效与突发失效竞争的贮存寿命预测模型。实例应用说明所提方法能够反映出导弹部件的失效规律,比传统预测方法具有更高的预测准确性,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

基于RBF带学习能力高精度非线性FDD设计

在轨航天器故障检测与诊断问题需要面对模型的非线性,而且要求尽量提高其检测的精度,为此设计了基于径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的动量轮非线性故障检测与诊断（FDD）方案。首先应用RBF补偿建模误差,提高检测精度,并选择李雅普诺夫函数证明其收敛性;然后应用非线性观测器来产生故障残差,给出了阈值以及故障检测的时间;应用RBF网络对故障信号进行重构,并据此设计了带学习能力的FDD策略。再次建立了详细的动量轮模型,通过不同条件下的仿真研究分别验证残差的阈值特性、时间特性以及RBF的重构能力,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

The photometric study of light scattering from the surface of alumina powder and interpretations by Hapke formula

A laboratory experiment helps to understand the light scattering property of regolith like samples with known compositions and other physical parameters. The laboratory data so obtained can be compared with the existing in situ data on celestial objects like asteroids. Further, it may be analyzed with the help of various theoretical models to understand the light scattering processes from regolith more clearly. In this work we have performed laboratory based photometry of the light scattered from the surfaces of powdered alumina (Al₂O₃) at various tilt angles of the sample and at large phase angles, with the particles having diameter 0.3 μm. The wavelength of observation was 632.8 nm. These data have been fitted by a surface scattering model originally suggested by Hapke. Instead of using empirical Henyey–Greenstein phase function to fix the values of albedo and phase function to be used within Hapke formula, we have used Mie theory for the same. This approach helped us to determine the single particle properties such as particle diameter and complex refractive index from surface scattering phase curve alone. Mie theory depends only on the size parameter X(=2π(radius/wavelength)) and complex refractive index (n, k) of the material. Since the absorption coefficient (k) for alumina is known to be very low but not exactly zero, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by least square technique with k as a free parameter, as the other parameters are known. Finally, we compare our results with other published results and discuss the scope of application of the method we adopted.     

星载单频GPS数据的电离层延迟改正方法分析

利用C/A码单点定位对LEO(Low Earth Orbit)卫星上的电离层延迟改正方法——"电离层比例因子法"进行了分析研究.计算的CHAMP卫星的轨道结果表明:采用电子密度峰值高度(hmF2,F2 region maximum electron density height)平均值和瞬时值计算的电离层比例因子α变化范围分别为0.3~0.4和0.2~0.65之间,两者最大差异可达0.3,相比较而言,hmF2瞬时值的结果更加合理,并且相应的大地高H方向的系统偏差要降低0.05~0.3m左右;与双频无电离层组合的普通单点定位结果相比表明该方法能较好地消除电离层一阶项所引入的H方向上的系统偏差;该方法适用的LEO卫星轨道高度范围大致在200~ 600km之间,当轨道高度超过700km时,该方法并不适用.