某型飞机电源系统的故障分析及排除方法

基于某型飞机供电的逻辑关系,分析了电源系统常见故障的基本类型,总结了排除蓄电池、地面电源、发电机常见供电故障的基本方法。     

Semi-analytical model for flat indentation of metal materials and its applications

The increasing use of small material components in a wide range of industrial fields necessitates the development of an accurate and robust indentation testing method. To this end, this paper proposes an Energy-density-equivalence for a Flat Indentation (E-FI) model based on the energy density equivalent principle. The proposed model describes the relationships among the material parameters of Hollomon’s power law (H-law), flat indenter diameter, energy, and indentation displacement. An E-FI Method (E-FIM) that determines the H-law parameters of materials through the indentation test is also developed. The energy-displacement curves forward-predicted by the E-FI model (based on known H-law parameters of materials) and the H-law parameters of materials given by the E-FIM (based on known energy-displacement curves) are consistent with the results of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and the H-law parameters of materials used as the input for FEA, respectively. Using E-FIM, the goodness of fit for both stress–strain curves with H-law, predicted based on the displacement with 2% signal interference, and that for stress–strain curves without interference is more than 0.98. The stress–strain relations predicted by E-FIM were consistent with the results obtained via uniaxial tensile tests of ten ductile materials.     

Team effectiveness evaluation and virtual reality scenario mapping model for helicopter emergency rescue

The application of helicopter emergency rescue is becoming increasingly widespread, but the flight crew training in this area is still difficult due to high cost and risk. Nevertheless, with the development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology, virtual simulation has become a significant role in crew training of helicopter rescue. During the implementation of VR-based training, how to transform complex real tasks into VR scenarios and how to evaluate the performance of crew are of great importance. To address these issues, a novel VR-based R-E-A-D (Report, Evaluate, Agree, Do) evaluation model for training is proposed, which is suitable for complex missions with multiple tasks, multiple scenarios, and multiple people. Then, a mapping method of VR scenarios is put forward, which can transform the real tasks into virtual scenarios to serve the virtual simulation training. Finally, an experiment is carried out to verify the feasibility of the evaluation method and virtual scenario mapping method.     

Lineament mapping and fractal analysis using SPOT-ASTER satellite imagery for evaluating the severity of slope weathering process

The present study describes a remote sensing approach for preparing lineament map that subsequently indicates the influence of lineament density in the severity of weathering development. In this study, SPOT-5 data, the integration of SPOT-ASTER and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were used and processed. The existence of an active fault system in the south of Mashhad city, NE Iran and presence of schistose rocks in this area result in the development of numerous lineament features. This region was selected for this research. Lineament features including fractures, bedding plane, cleavage, shear zones and schistosity were mapped in the study area. The results indicate that the highest concentration of lineaments occurred in the central-western and south-eastern parts of the study area, which coincide with metamorphic outcrops and NW-SE trending fault system. A comparison of lineament statistical analysis and field survey demonstrated that the structural discontinuities have a significant effect on forming and distribution of weathering profiles. It was observed that increasing the number, length and density of structural discontinuities led to strong severity in weathering, which can produce deep residual soils susceptible to landslide occurrence. The remote sensing approach developed in this study can be applicable for preparing lineament maps and evaluating the severity of weathering development in other active fault zones around the world.     

Temperature and pressure variability in mid-latitude low atmosphere and stratosphere-ionosphere coupling

This study presents the continuation of our previous analysis of variations of atmospheric and space weather parameters above Iberian Peninsula along two years near the 24th solar cycle maximum. In the previous paper (Morozova et al., 2017) we mainly discussed the first mode of principal component analysis of tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature and pressure fields, which was shown to be correlated with lower stratospheric ozone and anti-correlated with cosmic ray flux. Now we extend the investigation to the second mode, which suggests a coupling between the stratosphere and the ionosphere.This second mode, located in the low and middle stratosphere (and explaining ~7% of temperature and ~3% of geopotential height variations), showed to be statistically significantly correlated with variations of the middle stratosphere ozone content and anti-correlated with variations of ionospheric total electron content. Similar co-variability of these stratospheric and ionospheric parameters was also obtained with the wavelet cross-coherence analysis.To investigate the role of atmospheric circulation dynamics and the causal nature of the found correlations, we applied the convergent cross mapping (CCM) analysis to our series. Strong evidence for the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling were obtained for the winter 2012–2013 that is characterized by the easterly QBO phase (quasi-biennial oscillations of the direction of the stratospheric zonal winds) and a strong SSW (sudden stratospheric warming event). Further analysis (for the three-year time interval 2012–2015) hint that SSWs events play main role in emphasizing the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling.     

Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

考虑土渐近状态特性的应力应变关系

在经典弹塑性理论框架下,根据SMP(Spatially Mobilized Plane)破坏准则并结合变换应力方法,通过引入准弹性体积模量的概念,建立了用增量法表示的考虑土渐近状态特性的三维应力应变关系式.针对三轴压缩应力条件,给出了相应的简化应力应变增量矩阵,以三轴压缩试验中的常规三轴压缩、不排水剪切和控制应变增量比的3种应力路径为例,推导出了便于应用的应力应变增量关系式.最后,利用文中的公式进行了预测分析和试验对比,结果表明:新推导的公式能方便地预测考虑渐近状态特性下土的应力应变关系,并能合理描述试验结果.     

基于非结构背景网格的动网格方法研究

借鉴弹簧动网格方法和Delaunay背景图方法,提出一种基于非结构背景网格的动网格生成方法。先用少量的物面控制点生成相对较粗的非结构背景网格,再用弹簧法将动边界的变化量作用到该背景网格,然后利用计算网格与背景网格的映射关系插值生成对应的动网格,最后对物面网格点及其附近受影响的密网格点进行局部网格修正,获得最终计算所需的动网格。所提方法与直接弹簧法比较,由于弹簧法作用的背景网格远粗于实际的计算网格,提高了计算效率,此外,由于网格的运动受控于受弹簧法作用的背景网格,边界变形或运动能较为均匀地传递到内部网格上,使网格单元过渡光滑,提高了动网格的质量。给出若干算例,展示了方法的效率和可行性。     

“资源三号”卫星多光谱相机技术

＂资源三号＂多光谱相机按照测绘相机的要求开展研制,采用了离轴TMA光学系统、柔性卸载技术、高集成与低噪声电路技术等多项先进技术保证相机成像品质,在轨测试显示,多光谱相机功能、性能满足研制要求,关键项目性能优于指标要求,内方位元素保持高精度稳定,经过几何检校后,定位精度达到国际先进水平。文章论述了多光谱相机的设计、制造、调校、试验等相关技术,可以为后续同类相机的研制提供参考。     

基于PLSR-CER模型的大飞机成本风险控制

大型飞机的研制往往存在多种难以预见的不确定性因素,而且目前国内大型客机研制经验缺乏,相关的性能参数和研制成本的历史数据稀少,并存在多重相关性等问题,因此,文中引入了偏最小二乘回归方法,以客机的机体特征及性能特征作为多因变量,建立了一种多因变量对单一自变量的成本预测回归模型,并将部分客机性能参数和成本数据导入成本预测回归模型进行验证。实例分析表明,基于偏最小二乘回归法(Partial least-squares reqression,PLSR)构建的费用估算关系(Cost estimating relationship,CER)模型相对传统预测模型有很大的改善,预测的精度更高,更能体现客机研制成本与前期的性能要求之间的关系。