CMG磁悬浮转子系统的模型与控制律

 以刚体的平动和转动为状态构造主动磁轴承(AMB) 转子控制系统模型,可以清晰反映控制力矩(CMG) 陀螺效应的影响。利用此模型,着重分析了目前常用的分散控制和分散加交叉控制方式下转子的后向涡动特征,并提出模态解耦控制的概念,指出此控制律可以根除转子的后向涡动,且具有最佳的稳定性。     

Modelling of the electromagnetic field in the interplanetary space and in the Earth's magnetosphere

A magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar wind flow is constructed using a kinematic approach. It is shown that a phenomenological conductivity of the solar wind plasma plays a key role in the forming of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component normal to the ecliptic plane. This component is mostly important for the magnetospheric dynamics which is controlled by the solar wind electric field. A simple analytical solution for the problem of the solar wind flow past the magnetosphere is presented. In this approach the magnetopause and the Earth's bow shock are approximated by the paraboloids of revolution. Superposition of the effects of the bulk solar wind plasma motion and the magnetic field diffusion results in an incomplete screening of the IMF by the magnetopause. It is shown that the normal to the magnetopause component of the solar wind magnetic field and the tangential component of the electric field penetrated into the magnetosphere are determined by the quarter square of the magnetic Reynolds number. In final, a dynamic model of the magnetospheric magnetic field is constructed. This model can describe the magnetosphere in the course of the severe magnetic storm. The conditions under which the magnetospheric magnetic flux structure is unstable and can drive the magnetospheric substorm are discussed. The model calculations are compared with the observational data for September 24–26, 1998 magnetic storm (Dst _min=−205 nT) and substorm occurred at 02:30 UT on January 10, 1997. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一体化智能电磁流量计的研制

介绍了一种集传感器,转换器,积算仪器于一体的就地显示式智能电磁流量计,其研制中采用先进的单片微机芯片,实现在线多种信号采集和数据处理,并采用软件容错技术,大大提高了仪表的可靠性和测量准确度。     

支承飞轮的推力磁轴承设计

讨论了磁轴承用户性能要求与设计解空间参数之间的多对多映射关系和设计中遵循的一般规则,对磁轴承的设计过程进行了结构分析。在此基础上,通过分析用于陀螺仪中支承飞轮储能系统的推力磁轴承的结构特点和设计约束,详细讨论了该产品设计过程中各种设计参数之间的相互约束关系和确定顺序,探讨了一种合理的设计参数映射过程,为磁轴承性能体系的建立和智能设计奠定了基础。     

航空同步发电机的等效磁路模型

分析了航空同步电机的磁路结构特点，建立了电机的等效磁路模型，由等效磁路的拓扑结构导出其磁位非线性方程，再由磁路欧姆定律及铁磁材料的磁化曲线求出其数值解，计算了电机的空载特性和零功率因数负载特性，与实测结果非常接近。     

基础横向振动对电磁轴承转子系统动力特性影响的实验研究

从实验上研究了电磁轴承基础的横向振动对电磁轴承转子系统动力特性的影响。结果表明电磁轴承的控制器对电磁轴承基础横向振动的抑制能力是非常有限的,在控制器的设计过程中必须考虑基础振动的影响,否则较大的基础振动会使电磁轴承系统不能稳定地工作,甚至失去支撑转子的能力。     

三支承磁悬浮轴承转子系统性能的实验分析

在一般磁悬浮轴承转子系统的基础上增加辅助磁悬浮支承组件,构成磁轴承与辅助磁悬浮支承组合三点支承转子系统。通过试验模态分析和系统高速旋转实验研究了不同控制参数下,组合支承柔性转子系统的动态性能,并与二支承系统进行了比较。实验结果表明,辅助磁悬浮支承对系统性能有较大影响,提高了系统在各阶模态振动时的阻尼,使系统顺利越过二阶弯曲临界转速在16000rpm以上稳定运行。     

The Origin of Mercury’s Internal Magnetic Field

Mariner 10 measurements proved the existence of a large-scale internal magnetic field on Mercury. The observed field amplitude, however, is too weak to be compatible with typical convective planetary dynamos. The Lorentz force based on an extrapolation of Mariner 10 data to the dynamo region is 10⁻⁴ times smaller than the Coriolis force. This is at odds with the idea that planetary dynamos are thought to work in the so-called magnetostrophic regime, where Coriolis force and Lorentz force should be of comparable magnitude. Recent convective dynamo simulations reviewed here seem to resolve this caveat. We show that the available convective power indeed suffices to drive a magnetostrophic dynamo even when the heat flow though Mercury’s core–mantle boundary is subadiabatic, as suggested by thermal evolution models. Two possible causes are analyzed that could explain why the observations do not reflect a stronger internal field. First, toroidal magnetic fields can be strong but are confined to the conductive core, and second, the observations do not resolve potentially strong small-scale contributions. We review different dynamo simulations that promote either or both effects by (1) strongly driving convection, (2) assuming a particularly small inner core, or (3) assuming a very large inner core. These models still fall somewhat short of explaining the low amplitude of Mariner 10 observations, but the incorporation of an additional effect helps to reach this goal: The subadiabatic heat flow through Mercury’s core–mantle boundary may cause the outer part of the core to be stably stratified, which would largely exclude convective motions in this region. The magnetic field, which is small scale, strong, and very time dependent in the lower convective part of the core, must diffuse through the stagnant layer. Here, the electromagnetic skin effect filters out the more rapidly varying high-order contributions and mainly leaves behind the weaker and slower varying dipole and quadrupole components (Christensen in Nature 444:1056–1058, 2006). Messenger and BepiColombo data will allow us to discriminate between the various models in terms of the magnetic fields spatial structure, its degree of axisymmetry, and its secular variation.     

结构隔绝内-外空间的流-热-固耦合仿真应用

为验证和指导高速飞行器的防隔热设计,准确地模拟气动热产生的热量穿透防隔热材料进而影响舱内温度空间分布和时间变化的过程,研究了一种同时求解机体外流场及气动热、机体结构传热及舱内流场温度场仿真计算方法,其中的传热方式包括热传导、热对流及热辐射。采用两套计算模型、两种求解器、一个数据交换文件的计算结构,构建了一种针对流场-热-结构的多场耦合分析方法,实现了对固体隔绝内外流场温度动态变化问题的仿真分析。最后通过计算实例验证了整套计算方法,得到的飞行器舱内温度变化特性能够用于指导高速飞行器的防隔热设计。     

大型单框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺研制关键技术研究

控制力矩陀螺属于航天器姿态控制与机动惯性执行机构,磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺具有输出力矩大、微振动、低噪声、长寿命等特点,是敏捷机动卫星、空间站、天空实验室等理想的惯性执行机构之一.在阐述磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺工作原理、结构特点的基础上,介绍了磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的电磁设计原理、结构分布及控制系统设计过程.基于大型磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的主要技术指标,详细分析了大型单框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的三个关键技术和解决途径.包括大承载力永磁偏置磁轴承的设计、制造和控制技术;低功耗高速永磁无刷直流电机的设计、控制技术;低速高精度Halbach型框架电机设计、制造、装配和控制技术.为磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的进一步工程化应用提供了有效的技术途径.