高超声速边界层转捩特性试验探究

通过在激波风洞中开展转捩试验,选取来流马赫数分别为6和8,单位雷诺数分别为4.1×10 6m -1 、2.6×10 7m -1 和4.4×10 7m -1 的来流条件,研究马赫数、单位雷诺数以及攻角变化对钝锥边界层和平板边界层转捩位置的影响。结果表明,攻角增大使钝锥迎风面和背风面边界层转捩位置均前移,使平板边界层转捩位置也前移;钝锥边界层在低马赫数时更容易转捩,平板边界层转捩受马赫数影响在攻角有差异时有所不同;单位雷诺数的增大促进转捩,但对于钝锥边界层而言,该参数增加到试验选定的上限时,转捩位置的变化并不明显;在转捩过程中平板边界层的脉动压力系数与热流具有相同的变化趋势。试验捕捉到了第二模态扰动。     

遥感器真空成像三维光学检测装置的设计与应用

在以往的遥感器真空成像试验中, 光学检测装置每次装配完毕只能完成单一状态下的光学测试, 且建立成像试验所需工况的周期较长。文章设计研制了一种三维光学检测装置, 使用该装置可实现中小口径相机在空间环境模拟装置内的光电综合性能检测。试验人员可在空间环境模拟容器外对该装置进行平移、旋转和俯仰的精确调整, 完成对单台或多台相机全视场的精确测试。试验验证了该装置方案设计的可行性。     

基于不相干平面波叠加以模拟混响声场的航天器低频声固耦合分析

文章针对航天器在混响声场中的随机振动问题,提出一种通过多个不相干的平面波线性叠加以模拟混响声场的实现方法,给出了每个平面波的具体参数并从理论上证明其满足理想混响声场假设。在此基础上利用有限元-边界元耦合方法对整星低频声固耦合问题进行分析,并用混响室噪声试验响应数据进行了验证。研究结果表明:该方法理论推导正确,为航天器低频声固耦合分析及声振力学环境预示提供了一种新的有效手段。     

分离式垂直方向充退磁线圈数值仿真研究

针对航天器充退磁试验对简便快捷的垂直方向充退磁设备的需求,文章提出一种分离式垂直方向充退磁线圈结构,避免了安装过程中复杂的接插工序,可有效缩短试验时间。通过理论计算说明了分离式充退磁线圈结构与现有设备的等效性,利用磁仿真平台建立了线圈结构模型,并对其充退磁特性以及由于结构改变带来的磁场均匀性误差进行了仿真分析,充分验证了理论计算的正确性。     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.     

Effects of various dissipation range onset models on the 26-day variations of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray electrons

The effect of various models presented by Leamon et al. (2000) for the dissipation range cutoff wavenumber on the 26-day variations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons in a Fisk-Parker hybrid field is investigated, by means of a three-dimensional steady-state numerical modulation code. Analytical expressions for the mean free paths parallel and perpendicular to the heliospheric magnetic field are adapted from the works of 31 and 28, respectively. Note that only solar minimum conditions are considered, and that only qualitative agreement with data is sought. Effective diffusion for galactic electrons pertaining to 26-day variations is found to be dominated by the ratio of the perpendicular to parallel mean free paths at low energies, and the relationship between changes in cosmic-ray intensities and the modulation parameter postulated by Zhang (1997) is found to no longer hold when this ratio drops below a critical value. Use of ion inertial scale dependent models for the dissipation range cutoff leads to possible second linearities in the relative amplitudes as functions of latitude gradient.     

基于功能核磁共振成像的右脑额下回情绪处理

视觉刺激引起的情绪唤起是日常生活中的一种常见现象。本文通过功能核磁共振成像了解与视觉情绪刺激相关的脑功能归属。15位女性在其一个月经周期内接受了3次或更多的功能核磁共振扫描,实验中视觉刺激的形式包括成人影片与图片,平均所有测试结果得到了平均脑兴奋图。在平均脑兴奋图中可以发现,图片和影片形式的刺激均能有效地引起额下回的兴奋,与其他的兴奋脑区不同,呈现明显的右侧优势。根据实验结果,本文首次提出了右脑额下回在视觉感情信息处理中起到一定的作用,并且提出大脑额下回功能的优势化是双向而不是单向（向左侧）集中的。     

风沙流中沙粒相浓度的高频测量

在大气边界层风洞内采用高速CMOS相机记录了定常来流条件下运动沙粒的图像.根据二进制图像标记像素的连通性,从数字图像中提取相机拍摄区域内沙粒的数量N,由此计算得到风沙流的瞬时含沙量q.获取图像的同时,使用恒温式热线风速仪MiniCTA配合55R49热膜探头测量观测域上方主流位置和跃移层顶部附近的风速变化.实验结果表明,即使在定常风速下,瞬时含沙量也是非稳定的,为了真实的记录瞬时含沙量的变化,测量频率至少需要在100Hz以上.定常风速下,高浓度风沙流含沙量的最大波动幅度可达到其时均值的50%以上;而当定常来流风速值在沙粒起动风速附近时,低浓度风沙流的含沙量具有明显的间歇性.     

降雨条件下翼型的气动特性

采用计算流体力学方法对降雨条件下翼型的气动特性进行了研究.通过求解定常可压的Navier-Stokes方程来计算流场,采用拉格朗日法对流场中的雨滴轨迹进行了模拟跟踪,得到了翼型表面的雨滴收集率;建立了水膜层数学模型,并假定水膜层沿着翼型表面的法向方向增长,预测了降雨引起的翼型外形的变化,并得到了水膜层表面的粗糙度高度;采用k-ωSST(shear-stress transport)两方程湍流模型结合增强的壁面函数,研究了降雨对翼型气动特性的影响.结果表明,在低迎角范围内,降雨对翼型的升力系数和阻力系数影响很小;当达到失速迎角后,降雨会引起上翼面边界层气流的提前分离,造成翼型气动性能的严重损失.      

跨声压气机动叶弯、掠对静叶静压脉动的影响

对一单级跨声压气机采用了三种弯、掠动叶后设计工况下的非定常流场分别进行了数值模拟,分析了动叶弯、掠对下游静叶表面静压非定常脉动的影响.研究结果表明:三种弯、掠动叶都减轻了静叶前缘顶部和根部的静压脉动,使静叶前缘所受到的静压扰动沿径向分布更为均匀,尤其是弯掠动叶的作用最为明显;除去叶片前缘区域,三种弯、掠动叶对下游静叶的顶部压力面和吸力面的扰动都有所减弱,仍然以弯掠动叶的作用最为显著,而在静叶的中部和根部前缘区域之外的表面,动叶的弯、掠对压力扰动的影响不明显.