低压工况下10N姿控推力器燃烧室工作过程仿真

描述了发动机燃烧室工作过程仿真模型的主要参数,应用此模型对10N推力器在不同供应管路压强条件下燃烧室的脉冲工作过程进行了仿真.对比分析了长脉冲和短脉冲两种工作模式下管路压强逐渐降低时燃烧室压强、推力等参数的变化规律.通过长脉冲工况的仿真理论推力与实验测量推力反推出管路压强为1.48,1.0,0.6MPa时推力效率分别为94%,91%和90%.短脉冲工况仿真结果表明:管路压强为0.4MPa时推力器已经无法正常点火,应避免推力器工作于此工况.d:\PDF\.pdf      

Mesosphere/lower thermosphere wind regime parameters using a newly installed SKiYMET meteor radar at Kazan (56°N, 49°E)

New meteor radar (MR) horizontal wind data obtained during 2015–2018 at Kazan (56°N, 49°E) are presented. The measurements were carried out with a state-of-the-art SKiYMET meteor radar. Monthly mean vertical profiles of zonal and meridional components of the prevailing wind speeds, also amplitudes and phases of the components of diurnal (DT) and semidiurnal tide (SDT) winds are displayed as contour plots for a mean calendar year over the four recent years and compared with distributions of these parameters provided by the previous multiyear (1986–2002) meteor radar (MR) measurements at Kazan and by the recent HWM07 empirical model. The analysis shows that the SKiYMET zonal and meridional prevailing wind speeds are generally in good agreement, sharing the same seasonal features, with the earlier MR seasonal winds. Comparisons with the HWM07 model are not favourable: eastward solstitial cells as modelled are significantly larger, >30?m/s compared to 15–20?m/s. Also, reversal lines are too variable with height, and the positions of modelled cells (positive and negative) are unlike those of either MRs at Kazan or other MLT radars. Both MR systems provide the large SDT amplitudes, approximately 30?m/s and vertical wavelengths, approximately 55?km, for both components at middle latitudes in winter. They also show the well known strong SDT September feature (heights 85–100?km, the vertical wavelength ～55–60?km), and the weak summer SDT for 80–91?km. HWM07 shows unrealistic amplitudes and phases above 90?km by height and month: minimal amplitudes in equinoxes and no September feature.The weak DT of middle to high latitudes provide similar amplitude and phase structures from both MRs, 1986–2002 and 2015–2017: largest amplitudes (10–12 or 8–10?m/s) for the evanescent meridional tide in summer, peaking in late July; weakest (0–2, 2–4?m/s) at 80 to 92–96?km, when the tide is vertically propagating (January, February, November, December) with a vertical wavelength near 40?km. Again, HWM07 differs in amplitude and phase structures: showing peak amplitudes in equinoxes: April, 15?m/s at 88?km; October, 21?m/s at 89?km.Coupling of the MR wind parameters with the ERA5 wind parameters is studied for a case in 2016. It is shown that the prevailing winds and DT amplitudes and phases of both datasets can be simply linked together, but that the ERA5 SDT amplitudes are significantly underestimated at the top model levels of the ERA5 reanalysis project.     

Measurements of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during tropical cyclones using the GPS radio occultation technique

Water vapour transport to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by deep convective storms affects the radiation balance of the atmosphere and has been proposed as an important component of climate change. The aim of the work presented here is to understand if the GPS radio occultation technique is useful for characterization of this process. Our assessment addresses the question if severe storms leave a significant signature in radio occultation profiles in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) were analyzed, focusing on two particular tropical cyclones with completely different characteristics, the hurricane Bertha, which formed in the Atlantic Basin during July 2008 and reached a maximum intensity of Category 3, and the typhoon Hondo, which formed in the south Indian Ocean during 2008 reaching a maximum intensity of Category 4. The result is positive, suggesting that the bending angle of a GPS radio occultation signal contains interesting information on the atmosphere around the tropopause, but not any information regarding the water vapour. The maximum percentage anomaly of bending angle between 14 and 18 km of altitude during tropical cyclones is typically larger than the annual mean by 5–15% and it can reach 20% for extreme cases. The results are discussed in connection to the GPS radio occultation receiver which will be part of the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) payload on the International Space Station.     

水空两栖太阳能四旋翼气动特性研究

太阳能四旋翼无人机结合了太阳能飞行器和四旋翼飞行器的优点,已受到广泛关注,但由于太阳能板的存在,旋翼的安装高度和轴距会对整机的气动效能产生影响。通过基于粒子法格子玻尔兹曼技术的XFlowCFD软件,对太阳能四旋翼无人机的整机流场进行非定常数值模拟,并分析该飞行器的气动特性。结果表明:旋翼高度对整机升力的影响较小,旋翼的安装轴距越大整机的升力越大,其主要原因是轴距较小时,旋翼产生的下洗流冲击在太阳能板上,对整机产生气动干扰。     

一种多SAM模块的低功耗IC卡读卡器设计与实现

CPU卡可以有效地杜绝IC卡被克隆，防止机密信息被修改，得到广泛使用，每个CPU卡具有相应的SAM(Safe Authentication Module)，不同的CPU卡需要的密钥不同，所以有不同的SAM模块。为了使读卡器能够识别多种CPU卡，提出了通过使用多SAM卡模块的循坏扫描对多种SAM卡进行认证管理，实现渎卡器对不同型号IC卡的支持，使用MSP430F149和多个SAM模块，设汁实现了一种新型IC卡读卡器。详细介绍了IC卡和读卡器的工作原理、功能、硬软件设计。经过测试证明，读卡器具有功耗低、体积小、性能稳定等特点。     

多星分布式无源相干定位方法

针对方向性辐射源信号主瓣波束窄测向定位精度不足的问题,提出多星分布式无源相干定位方法。首先,根据参考星接收到的主瓣强信号对辐射源位置进行粗定位,并根据粗定位信息对频移进行补偿;随后,将参考星信号分发至临近卫星,在粗定位范围内对相干星接收到的旁瓣弱信号进行互相关搜索,解算时差信息;然后,采用多星时差定位体制估计辐射源精确位置;最后对提出算法进行了Cramer-Rao下界分析,并通过仿真实验对算法进行验证。仿真结果表明,算法在弱信号信噪比(SNR在-40～0 dB)的情况下,定位误差能够快速逼近Cramer-Rao下界,并且能够有效提高辐射源的定位精度。     

TIMED卫星探测的全球大气温度分布及其与经验模式的比较

利用TIMED卫星遥感探测的全球温度分布与NRLMSISE-00大气经验模式进行了对比研究.研究表明,在中间层下部以下的高度范围内,经验模式与卫星探测的大气温度分布有很好的一致性.但是比较发现,在中层顶区域,经验模式的计算结果与实测结果有较大的差异.卫星探测表明,在春分季节的低纬地区中层顶区存在稳定的逆温层,但是经验模式不能给出低纬地区春分季节中间层逆温层的分布特征.卫星观测表明在全球范围内中层顶有两个非常不同的高度,一个处于100km附近,另一个处于85km附近,但是经验模式不能给出这一中层顶高度的分布特征.同时在低热层,经验模式计算的温度分布与卫星遥感的探测结果有很大的差异.      

Analysis Approach to Durability Based on Material Initial Fatigue Quality and S-N Curve

Based on probabilistic fracture mechanics approach, a new concept of material initial fatigue quality (MIFQ) is developed. Then, the relation between S-N curve and crack propagation curve is studied. From the study, a new durability analysis method is presented. In this method, S-N curve is used to determine crack growth rate under constant amplitude loading and evaluate the effects of different factors on durability and then the structural durability is analyzed. The tests and analyses indicate that this method has lower dependence on testing, and higher accuracy, reliability and generality and is convenient for application.     

母体百分位值的置信下限

给出了一种新的单侧容限系数h,根据它可以比目前国际上通用的单侧容限系数k得到更接近于母体百分位值的置信下限。在精度相同的情况下,采用新单侧容限系数h要比单侧容限系数k节省大量试件。 文中还进一步研究了母体百分位值与其置信下限的单侧相对误差,给出了测定母体百分位值的置信度为γ的置信下限所需的最佳试件个数。     

基于离散AMSAA模型的固体火箭发动机可靠性增长分析

描述了离散AMSAA模型与Duane学习曲线特性的关系,给出了该模型的使用方法,包括可靠性增长趋势检验、模型参数的极大似然估计和拟合优度检验方法等。利用进化算法对似然函数求极值,解决了复杂多峰似然函数的求极值问题。在此基础上得到最终研制阶段可靠性点估计和可靠性置信下限。最后,给出了固体火箭发动机可靠性增长分析实例,并与经典评估方法进行了比较,说明了该模型的优越性。