Design-to-Cost Applied Within an Integrated System Model

In an environment of declining financial budgets for space projects, new approaches - such as Design-To-Cost - are being implemented to improve today's satellite design processes. Using an example of a current mission (the power subsystem of the Solar Probe spacecraft) under study at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the main part of the paper discusses an Integrated System Model (structured into a performance model, a cost model, and an effectiveness model) that is part of a model-based design process used to perform cost-effectiveness trades. A simulation tool is used during the first step to size the components of the power subsystem, and then simulate its performance during operation. The determined dimensions are transferred into an EXCEL^TM-spreadsheet and linked to the components' costs. With a cost accounting tool that combines cost estimating relationships with the Work Breakdown Structure of the power subsystem, the life-cycle cost of each alternative design concept is computed. To determine the cost-risk of the different design alternatives for each component, cost probability distributions are introduced. By performing Monte-Carlo simulations, cost sensitivities are revealed. In the next step of the trade study process, the effectiveness of the alternatives is analyzed. Having determined cost and effectiveness, estimates can be made for where the different alternatives lie in the design space. The last part of the paper identifies the main drivers for the spacecraft's performance and cost. Finally it is shown how the mission design benefited from the Integrated System Model and from the application of Design-To-Cost.     

国产双极工艺线性电路低剂量率辐照效应评估方法

国产双极工艺元器件应用于航天型号存在低剂量率辐射损伤增强效应风险,需要对其开展低剂量率辐照试验评估。在0.01 rad(Si)/s低剂量率辐照条件下,测试分析了不同工艺器件对不同偏置条件的敏感性差异;对比0.1 rad(Si)/s辐照试验结果,分析了器件的低剂量率辐射损伤增强效应特性,建立了辐射损伤增强因子和参数判据法相结合的评价标准;依据此标准讨论了各型号器件的低剂量率辐射增强敏感度以及抗电离总剂量辐射的能力。     

基于纵向滤波的星敏感器低频误差在线估计

多敏感器数据融合是获得更高精度姿态测量的有效方法,敏感器数据融合前必须先修正低频误差。首先,介绍了星敏感器低频误差（LFE）的产生机理及对其在线估计的必要性。其次,针对传统算法的不足,提出了基于纵向滤波的低频误差在线估计算法,该算法将传统低频误差估计问题转化为若干个常值误差估计问题,提高了估计精度。最后,给出了该算法具体实施方式,说明相关参数物理意义及选取原则。通过理论分析及仿真,算法误差可忽略不计。通过在轨数据仿真,星敏感器轨道周期低频误差可被消除。     

战术固体火箭发动机按费用优化设计

论述了按费用设计的概念和方法，在５种战术固体火箭发动机制造成本数据统计分析的基础上，以部件重量作为模型参数，建立了适合于战术固体发动机的喷管，装药和壳体成本模型，根据这些成本模型，对某地－空战术导弹火箭发动机以冲费和为目标函数进行按费用优化设计，所得结果通过与实际发动机试车结果及制造成本比较，表明以作为参数的成本模型合理，按费用优化设计技术可行，经济上合理。     

CubeSail: A low cost CubeSat based solar sail demonstration mission

CubeSail is a nano-solar sail mission based on the 3U CubeSat standard, which is currently being designed and built at the Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey. CubeSail will have a total mass of around 3 kg and will deploy a 5 × 5 m sail in low Earth orbit. The primary aim of the mission is to demonstrate the concept of solar sailing and end-of-life de-orbiting using the sail membrane as a drag-sail. The spacecraft will have a compact 3-axis stabilised attitude control system, which uses three magnetic torquers aligned with the spacecraft principle axis as well as a novel two-dimensional translation stage separating the spacecraft bus from the sail. CubeSail’s deployment mechanism consists of four novel booms and four-quadrant sail membranes. The proposed booms are made from tape-spring blades and will deploy the sail membrane from a 2U CubeSat standard structure. This paper presents a systems level overview of the CubeSat mission, focusing on the mission orbit and de-orbiting, in addition to the deployment, attitude control and the satellite bus.     

杂化聚酰亚胺的制备及其耐原子氧剥蚀性能

低地球轨道环境中的原子氧会剥蚀航天器表面材料,影响其性能和寿命,因此在使用时需要选用合适的手段来进行原子氧防护。采用溶胶-凝胶法,利用正硅酸乙酯在树脂体系中的水解-缩合反应,在基体中原位生成无机相而获得杂化聚酰亚胺。在原子氧效应地面模拟设备中,对杂化聚酰亚胺试样开展了性能评估试验,总结了试验前后试样的质量、表面形貌和表面成分的变化特点,并分析了材料耐剥蚀性能与正硅酸乙酯添加量的关系、杂化材料的耐剥蚀机理。结果表明,杂化聚酰亚胺的耐原子氧性能优于原树脂,其原子氧试验质量损失仅为原树脂的31。6% ~14。8%。分析认为,溶胶-凝胶过程中在树脂基体中生成的有机含硅结构和无机SiO₂,以及原子氧作用下杂化材料表面生成的SiO₂保护层,是杂化材料耐原子氧剥蚀性能提高的原因。     

基于驻留时间比的近地空间碎片环境建模

为分析近地空间碎片的分布规律,提出了一种以碎片在空间网格内驻留时间为基础的碎片环境统计建模方法.该方法利用多项式拟合和求根方法统计碎片在空间网格内的停留时间,获取模型基础数据,并据此采用多项式预测、插值和时间序列分析等技术,综合分析空间碎片的分布与演化规律.给出了一个基于双行根数(TLE,Two Line Elements)数据的建模实例,该实例通过了ORDEM2000模型的对比验证,并获得了一些更精细的近地空间碎片环境特征.所得建模方法和分析结论可为长期运行的近地航天器轨道设计、碰撞风险评估及防护等提供技术支撑.     

航天器对接六维试验台内装式重力平衡技术

为试验台主动对接环的重力平衡,研究了一种响应速度快、平衡力精度高,装在对接机构内部,适应高、低温环境的内装式重力平衡装置.介绍了有关技术:主动环实现三轴转动的球铰吊装机构;能够高速度、高精度地提供重力平衡力,并能实现自动随主动环上、下运动的智能型重力平衡技术;保证平衡器随主动环随动的轮轨式二维平动技术,经轻量化设计,其摩擦阻力和惯性阻力很小,并对轮/轨式方案进行了试验,当量摩擦系数仅为0.004 17.预计所研究装置的响应时间小于10 ms,各向失重模拟误差一般为1%~2%.      

聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜的制备与耐原子氧性能

分别以锆酸四丁酯、钛酸四丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为氧化物前驱体,利用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列聚酰亚胺/无机氧化物复合薄膜,在原子氧地面模拟设备中进行了原子氧暴露实验,原子氧累计通量约为3.1×10²⁰ atom/cm².分别考察了无机氧化物种类和含量对复合薄膜力学性能和耐原子氧性能的影响.结果表明,无机氧化物在聚酰亚胺基体中的分散形态对其力学性能影响很大;原子氧暴露后,聚酰亚胺薄膜表面分别形成了富锆、富钛和富硅的保护层,质量损失率减小,耐原子氧性能明显提高.     

低重频PD雷达的临界散射截面计算方法

提出了低脉冲重复频率PD(Pulse Doppler)雷达探测飞行器目标的临界散射截面的计算方法.针对低重频PD雷达对目标的发现概率计算过程中所遇到的问题,采用临界仰角法处理雷达的未知参数,将之合并为雷达系统特征常数.将低重频PD雷达的旁瓣杂波合理等效为白噪声,处理目标频移落在旁瓣杂波区的情况.采用等效杂波散射截面积叠加旁瓣杂波中目标临界散射截面处理目标频移落在主瓣杂波区的问题,并考虑偏置相位中心天线(DPCA)技术对目标频移落在主瓣杂波中时临界散射截面的影响,使计算结果更合理,从而完善低脉冲重复频率PD雷达在全频域中临界散射截面的计算方法.该方法可应用于计算目标突防时的发现概率.最后以E－2C预警机为例计算某目标突防过程中的临界散射截面.