The structure of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray 11-year variation

Two phenomena connected with the maximum phase of the 11-year solar cycle in the galactic cosmic ray intensity – the change in the energy dependence of the intensity variations and the double-peak structure in the intensity modulation time profile – are considered for the last five solar cycles (Nos. 19–23). The distinct 22-year cycle in the magnitude of the so called energy hysteresis is observed.The periods of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray intensity, characterized by the specific energy dependence of the intensity, are estimated. It is found that the double-peak structures belonging to the solar cycle maximum phase and those around it are very similar both in the amplitude and in its energy dependence.     

Si/Co/Cu/Co多层膜中巨磁电阻效应及与微结构的关系

用超高真空电子束蒸发方法在Si（100）衬底上制备了Si／Co／Cu／Co多层膜。发现当Si层厚度达到0．9nm时，多层膜中开始出现较强的平面内各向异性巨磁电阻效应。在Si1．5nm／Co 5nm／Cu3nm／Co5nm多层膜中，作者在其易轴上得到了5．5％的巨磁电阻值和0．7％／Oe的磁场灵敏度。用X射线衍射和透射电镜研究了si／Co界面之间的相互扩散，发现在Si层与Co层间形成了Co—Si化合物层，这个硅化物界面层诱导了其上的Co／Cu／Co三明治膜中的平面内磁各向异性乃至整个多层膜的平面内各向异性巨磁电阻效应。原子力显微镜表面形貌分析表明，随Si层厚度增大，Co／Cu／Co三明治膜的界面平整度得到改善，从而使巨磁电阻值增大。     

钝体标模高焓风洞试验和飞行试验相关性的数值分析

在高焓风洞喷管膨胀流动中,会出现组分和振动能量的非平衡冻结现象,给试验数据的分析、外推和使用带来困难。笔者选择有飞行试验数据的钝锥体ELECTRE作为高焓风洞试验的标模,用热化学非平衡Navier Stokes软件,计算了飞行条件和相应的考虑组分和振动能量的非平衡冻结效应试验条件的模型绕流流场,用双尺度参数ρL和Stanton数,分析试验条件下的热流数据外推飞行条件的问题。研究结果说明:在模型头部区域,保持总焓和双尺度参数ρL不变,热流数据从试验条件外推到飞行条件是可行的;在模型尾部区域,试验条件和飞行条件的Stanton数有较大差别,用双尺度参数ρL把热流数据从试验条件外推到飞行条件有较大误差。最后提出了用CFD设计高焓风洞试验条件的思路,并识别真实气体效应显著改变热流分布的高焓风洞试验能力区域。     

中国积极财政政策评析

文章从凯恩思理论出发,评价了积极财政政策的效果及其带来的财政风险,认为由于我国的利率非市场化和高储蓄倾向,积极财政政策并未产生挤出效应,但在一定程度上增加了国家的财政风险.考虑到国债投资收益的边际效用递减和民间投资的逐渐复苏,积极财政政策会逐步淡出.     

塑性应变率的尺度效应

通过对相似模型中若干力学量和典型动力学实验中部分结果和结论的探讨分析，研究了动态载荷下率相关材料相似模型的尺度效应，阐述了塑性应变率具有的尺度效应对相似模型在动态载荷下的影响，指出了塑性应变率尺度效应的一个重要特征是，随着结构特征尺度的减小，其动力行为的应变率敏感效应增强。     

一种教学效果的评估方法研究

能否对教学效果给出合理的、科学的评价，直接关系到教学改革工作能否顺利进行，也是教学改革工作成败的关键，传统意义上的算数平均的评估法，由于它体现的仅仅是对教学整体效果的评价，没能很好的体现对优秀学生培养的认可，因此，已不能适应现阶段高校教学工作的要求，基于算术平均与加权平均的思想，通过实例提出了一种兼顾整体平均与适当提升优秀个体贡献的教学效果评估方法，体现了如何确定一种适度的测度的思想，并且具有一定的合理性和应用价值。     

激波加速的密度分层流体交界面的演化

采用了自适应的非结构网格和基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式，数值模拟了在不同强度的激波作用下两种不同密度流体交界面的演化过程，详细给出了交界面上由于斜压效应产生的涡列的演化过程。     

技术转移的模型探析

技术转移是高技术产业化的关键阶段，Ｒａｚ将Ｓ型逻辑曲线来解释技术的受方状态，刘文阁对模拟提出了修正。但上述研究局限于技术系统本身。本文试图将技术转移放在技术－经济系统中来研究，考究技术进步率的影响，探析新的模型。     

Numerical simulation of hypersonic thermochemical nonequilibrium flows using nonlinear coupled constitutive relations

To predict aeroheating performance of hypersonic vehicles accurately in thermochemical nonequilibrium flows accompanied by rarefaction effect, a Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Relations (NCCR) model coupled with Gupta’s chemical models and Park’s two-temperature model is firstly proposed in this paper. Three typical cases are intensively investigated for further validation, including hypersonic flows over a two-dimensional cylinder, a RAM-C II flight vehicle and a type HTV-2 flight vehicle. The results predicted by NCCR solution, such as heat flux coefficient and electron number densities, are in better agreement with those of direct simulation Monte Carlo or flight data than Navier-Stokes equations, especially in the extremely nonequilibrium regions, which indicates the potential of the newly-developed solution to capture both thermochemical and rarefied nonequilibrium effects. The comparisons between the present solver and NCCR model without a two-temperature model are also conducted to demonstrate the significance of vibrational energy source term in the accurate simulation of high-Mach flows.     

Aerodynamic performance of hovering micro revolving wings in ground and ceiling effects at low Reynolds number

Numerous investigations have been conducted to understand the wall effects on rotors. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the aerodynamic performance of revolving wings, especially when it is very close to the ground and ceiling (i.e., less than half the wingspan) at low Reynolds numbers. Hence, the ground and ceiling effect for hovering micro revolving wings at low Reynolds numbers are investigated by improving the theoretical models. The theoretical model for the ground effect is established based on the wall-jet assumption, and that for the ceiling effect is improved by considering the uneven spanwise distribution of induced velocity. These two models are validated by comparing the results of experiments and CFD simulations with the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM). Both ground and ceiling effects are found helpful to enhance the thrust, especially with small wing-wall distances, by making a difference to the induced velocity and the pressure distribution. By comparing the thrust generation and aerodynamic efficiency between the ground and ceiling effects, the former is found more helpful to the thrust augmentation, and the latter is more beneficial for the aerodynamic efficiency promotion.