离子发动机羽流特性的数值模拟

离子发动机羽流中产生的交换电荷(CEX)离子返流会影响航天器的正常工作.建立离子发动机羽流模型,采用单元内粒子方法(PIC)对羽流场进行数值模拟计算.结合DS-1探测器飞行实验的测量结果,分析了卫星电势、电子温度、卫星几何尺寸、推力器工作特性等对相关因素对CEX离子返流特性的影响.结果表明:从推力器出口附近到卫星背面,CEX离子密度为108~1012m-3.当卫星电势从-15V变化到27V,测量点位置处CEX离子密度从0.65×1012m-3变化到1.5×1012m-3.羽流中CEX离子密度和电势结构随电子温度变化不大,但电势大小随电子温度成比例地变化.同一位置处不同工况下CEX离子的密度可根据CEX离子生成率与工作点参数间的关系式准确地估计.卫星安装推力器的表面起着对CEX离子返流屏蔽和降低的作用.      

基于离子推进技术的轨道转移设计

将太阳能离子推力器应用于卫星的推进系统,完成从地球同步转移轨道(GTO)到地球同步轨道(GEO)转移任务;建立任务模型,设计基于纬度幅角的反馈控制策略,对发动机开关时间进行优化.采用图形处理器（GPU, graphic processing unit）加速的遗传算法(GA,genetic algorithm)对卫星转移轨道任务进行优化设计.仿真结果表明：通过对该闭环控制器的定常参数进行优化,可将轨道导引至目标轨道附近;采用太阳能离子推力器可减少燃料消耗.基于GPU加速的遗传算法,可缩短算法运算时间.     

Confinement characteristic of primary electrons with the variation of channel width in the discharge chamber of annular ion thruster

In this paper, the confinement characteristic of primary electrons in the non-axisymmetric discharge chamber of annular ion thruster is investigated by a three-dimensional (3D) non-self-consistent particle tracking model with Monte Carlo Collision (MCC) method. The results show that: The density of primary electrons upstream of ion optics on cathode axis is about 5–50 times higher than that of the other side, which means that the density of primary electrons is obviously non-axisymmetric. The channel width has a significant effect on the average density and uniformity of primary electrons. The average density can be increased by nearly 1.5 times under the appropriate channel width, meanwhile, the variance of density distribution can be reduced by more than 2 times. This is because that increasing the channel width can improve the average confinement length of primary electrons greatly. Furthermore, there is an infection point in the increase of primary electron average confinement length with the channel width, which caused by the significant change of magnetic field structure. Under the case after the inflection point, primary electron mainly (more than 50%) moves to the channel center, which makes the average confinement length of primary electrons and their number in the discharge chamber increase largely.     

地球静止轨道LIPS-300离子电推力器热设计与优化

LIPS-300离子电推力器工作时产生的大量热耗会严重影响其工作性能,因此推力器的热控设计和在轨温度预计是推力器设计的关键技术之一。文章首先提出了地球静止轨道LIPS-300离子电推力器热设计,建立了离子电推力器热分析有限元模型。然后,针对典型的地球静止轨道位保工况开展了LIPS-300离子电推力器的在轨热分析,得到了LIPS-300离子电推力器重点部件在轨工作时的温度预计：下极靴、阳极筒、屏栅、下磁钢为主要的高温位置,且下磁钢温度可能超出材料温度上限。最后,基于热分析的结果结合离子电推力器的特点提出适当增加外壳散热面积是离子电推力器优化设计的有效方向,而增强阳极筒、极靴与屏栅筒间的内部换热是无效的设计优化方向。     

Integrated batteries layout and structural topology optimization for a solar-powered drone

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an integrated optimization scheme for a solar-powered drone structure. Consider a primary beam in the wing of large aspect ratio, where 100 lithium batteries are assembled. In the proposed integrated optimization, the batteries are considered here as parts of the load-carrying structure. The corresponding mechanical behaviors are simulated in the structural design and described with super-elements. The batteries layout and the structural topology are then introduced as mixed design variables and optimized simultaneously to achieve an accordant load-carrying path. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered due to the large deformation. Different periodic structural configurations are tested in the optimization in order to meet the structural manufacturing and assembly convenience. The optimized designs are rebuilt and tested in different load cases. Maintaining the same structural weight, the global mechanical performances are improved greatly compared with the initial design.     

掺Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物的紫外发光特性研究

研究了掺杂稀土离子Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物发光体LiXAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Ca^2＋,Sr^2＋或Ba^2＋）,XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Li6＋,Na^＋或K^＋）及LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋（X=Al^3＋,Ga^3＋或In^3＋）的紫外发光特性。实验发现,在LiXAlF6=Ce^3＋中,随着X元素原子序数的增大,Ce^3＋的发光峰就向短波方向移动。首次研究了在XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋与LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋中的X元素的一价与三价离子对Ce^3＋发光的影响,发现这些一价与三价离子的原子序数的变化并不影响Ce^3＋的发射光谱的峰值,它们只在晶格中起着填隙和电荷补偿作用,这有利于Ce^3＋的发光,使发光强度有所增强。这些紫外发光可用来增强X射线影像板中所包含的储存辐射的发光体BaFBr：Eu“的发光,使X射线影像板的显像增强。     

Variation of ionospheric electron and ion temperatures during periods of minimum to maximum solar activity by the SROSS-C2 satellite over Indian low and equatorial latitudes

To study the variation of ionospheric electron and ion temperatures with solar activity the data of electron and ion temperatures were recorded with the help of Retarding Potential Analyzer payload aboard Indian SROSS-C2 satellite at an average altitude of ∼500 km. The main focuses of the paper is to see the diurnal, seasonal and latitudinal variations of electron and ion temperatures during periods of minimum to maximum solar activity. The ionospheric temperatures in the topside show strong variations with altitude, latitude, season and solar activity. In present study, the temperature variations with latitude, season and solar activity have been studied at an average altitude ∼500 km. The peak at sunrise has been observed during all seasons, in both electron and ion temperatures. Further, the ionospheric temperatures vary with latitude in day time. The latitudinal variation is more pronounced for low solar activity than for high solar activity.     

质子和离子辐照对镁稀土合金 力学性能的影响

文章研究了质子和离子（氮离子）辐照对镁稀土（Mg-Zn-Y-Zr）合金拉伸性能、表面硬度及拉伸变形断裂行为的影响。经能量为170 keV,注量分别为5×1015 /cm2、1×1016 /cm2、2×1016 /cm2、1×1017 /cm2的质子或离子辐照后,合金的拉伸性能和拉伸断口形貌没有发生显著变化,表明质子和离子辐照对Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金宏观力学性能的影响有限,这与辐照粒子（质子或离子）对合金的穿透深度浅有关。纳米显微硬度测试和扫描分析结果显示,经氮离子辐照后,Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金被辐照面表层发生了一定程度的硬化,纳米显微硬度随着辐照注量的增加而逐渐增加,而质子辐照的硬化效果不明显。     

基于LMI的模糊飞控系统设计

建立了飞控系统的模糊模型,通过采用线性矩阵不等式LMI(Linear Matrix Inequality)得到了一种既可保证模糊系统全局渐近稳定又能将闭环极点配置在期望区域的模糊控制系统的设计方法.对用该方法设计的纵向模糊飞控系统进行了仿真和鲁棒性验证.仿真结果表明所设计系统满足既定的性能指标要求且具有较好的鲁棒性.      

离子推进技术及其发展状况

概述了离子推力器的工作原理并详细介绍了美国、欧洲、日本、俄罗斯等一些离子推进技术先进国家在该领域的研究进展及实际应用状况。指出了目前离子推进技术发展尚需解决的关键技术及我国在这一技术领域发展相对缓慢、需积极开展国际合作,进一步推动我国离子推进技术的研制与开发的现实状况。