空间用液态金属传热式斯特林发电机换热结构研究

随着对太空的探索逐渐深入,核动力电源的优势日益凸显.针对空间核动力电源中的斯特林循环,本文设计1 台10 kW 的空间用液态钠钾传热式斯特林发电机组,发电机的高温端钠钾换热流道采用直肋式结构,并对换热结构进行优化研究.首先对斯特林发电机的热力学性能进行计算,在此基础上开展斯特林发电机组高温端换热器换热性能分析,得出72...     

气液针栓喷注单元雾化角模型

为了准确预测气液针栓喷注单元的雾化角,基于动量守恒建立了液束撞击气膜的雾化角理论模型,通过试验结果获得变形因子,并分析了结构参数和工况参数对雾化角的影响规律.结果表明:局部动量比对雾化角影响最大,其他结构参数和工况参数都是通过影响局部动量比而进一步决定雾化角;随着局部动量比增大,液束变形程度减小,液束变形导致有效撞击动...     

圆柱贮箱内液体非线性稳态晃动实验及动力学特性分析

针对圆柱贮箱内液体非线性稳态晃动力和力矩动态信号的采集与分析问题,设计了一种能同时实现充液贮箱整体固定安装和液体动态晃动力、力矩精确测量的实验装置,给出了相应的实验数据采集、分析和处理方法。通过开展大量实验,将实验数据与CFD仿真结果进行细致对比后发现:在旋转晃动状态下,CFD仿真结果存在明显的计算偏差,不便被独立的用于完整揭示贮箱内液体晃动的真实特性。最后,归纳了贮箱内液体的非线性稳态晃动行为随横向外激励频率的变化规律,并对比分析了驻波晃动、拍振晃动、多类复杂的旋转晃动等多种不同形式的非线性稳态晃动行为对运载工具控制系统的任务执行效率和稳定性的影响。     

充液航天器质量特性计算方法研究

充液航天器的质量特性对飞行动力学建模和控制设计有着重要影响。质量特性测量装置通常只能测出干重状态下航天器的质量特性，而充液状态下的航天器质量特性只能靠计算给出，其中如何计及各贮箱内液体的惯性张量是此类工程计算的难点。首先采用势流理论推导了任意形状贮箱内液体质量特性的一般表达式，包括全充液情况和部分充液情况，其中对部分充液情况考虑了自由液面小幅晃动的影响；然后采用三维有限元方法建立了液体质量特性的数值计算方法，并通过一个验证算例确认了该计算方法的有效性；最后应用该方法计算了一个充液航天器的质量特性，并研究了不同的液体处理方法对计算结果的影响。研究表明，工程上通常采用的“固化液体”处理方法所计算出来的转动惯量明显偏大，而所提出的计算方法具有更好的理论正确性和工程适用性。     

Cloud attenuation statistics from radiometric measurements over a tropical location Kolkata,India

The objective of this study is to investigate cloud attenuation at 30 GHz frequency using ground-based microwave radiometric observations at a tropical location, Kolkata. At higher frequencies and lower elevation angles, cloud attenuation is of major concern at a tropical location. The location experiences high value of liquid water path (LWP), which is responsible for cloud attenuation, during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and pre-monsoon season. Significant amount of cloud attenuation has been observed during monsoon season at 30 GHz. Two years observations of exceedance probability of cloud attenuation and worst month statistics are presented. The variation of cloud attenuation with frequencies for different elevation angles has also been investigated. The seasonal and diurnal patterns of cloud attenuation are examined. Cloud attenuation, inferred from radiometric measurements before rain commencement, has been compared to rain attenuation at Ku-band. Exceedance probabilities of cloud and rain attenuation have been compared.     

多充液贮腔航天器耦合动力学与姿态控制

基于已有的质心面液体大幅晃动等效力学模型，采用拉格朗日方法，系统地建立了任意复杂激励下四贮腔航天器刚-液耦合动力学精确模型。由本文方法所得到的等效晃动力及晃动力矩与通过Flow3D计算出的相应结果吻合良好，验证了所建模型的可靠性。根据所建立的大幅晃动类充液航天器耦合系统动力学模型进一步研究了该类航天器在进行三轴稳定姿态机动时的主要动力学耦合特性，并设计了一类抑制姿态振荡的补偿控 制器。     

Recent advances in physical understanding and quantitative prediction of impinging-jet dynamics and atomization

Impinging-jet injectors are widely used in liquid propulsion applications, since their simple configuration provides reliable and efficient atomization. The flowfield involves a series of complicated spatio-temporal evolutions. Much effort has been directed toward understanding the underlying physics and developing quantitative predictions of impinging-jet atomization. This paper summarizes the recent advances in this direction, including state-of-the-art theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies, along with representative results. Finally, concluding remarks address remaining challenges and highlight modeling capabilities of high-fidelity simulations.     

Effect of salt stress on growth and physiology in amaranth and lettuce: Implications for bioregenerative life support system

Growing plants can be used to clean waste water in bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). However, NaCl contained in the human urine always restricts plant growth and further reduces the degree of mass cycle closure of the system (i.e. salt stress). This work determined the effect of NaCl stress on physiological characteristics of plants for the life support system. Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L. var. Huahong) and leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Luoma) were cultivated at nutrient solutions with different NaCl contents (0, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 ppm, respectively) for 10 to 18 days after planted in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System Experimental Facility in China. Results showed that the two plants have different responses to the salt stress. The amaranth showed higher salt-tolerance with NaCl stress. If NaCl content in the solution is below 5000 ppm, the salt stress effect is insignificant on above-ground biomass output, leaf photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, photosynthesis pigment contents, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inducing lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, the lettuce is sensitive to NaCl which significantly decreases those indices of growth and physiology. Notably, the lettuce remains high productivity of edible biomass in low NaCl stress, although its salt-tolerant limitation is lower than amaranth. Therefore, we recommended that amaranth could be cultivated under a higher NaCl stress condition (<5000 ppm) for NaCl recycle while lettuce should be under a lower NaCl stress (<1000 ppm) for water cleaning in future BLSS.     

液态水含量对防冰表面水膜流动换热的影响

为了研究液态水含量对防冰表面水膜流动换热的影响,基于机翼防冰表面水膜及空气相互作用机理,并考虑水膜表面传热传质过程,建立了水膜与空气的流动换热模型,得到溢流水膜及空气边界层流动换热的积分控制方程,通过对比文献试验结果验证了模型的准确性.在此基础上,比较了不同液态水含量条件下防冰表面水膜厚度及主要热流量的分布情况.结果表明:液态水含量对水膜沿表面厚度分布有明显影响,而对换热过程中各项热流的影响主要集中在水滴撞击区域,加热热流与散热热流随液态水含量的增加呈现相反的变化趋势.     

液氧贮箱增压过程研究

采用数值模拟方法对液氧贮箱增压过程进行研究.贮箱内流场采用流体体积函数（VOF）多相流模型考虑,选择标准双方程k-ε湍流模型分析湍流效应,气液两项之间的热量、质量转移通过自定义程序（UDF）求解.获得了贮箱压力、排液流量、气垫温度、液氧温度对贮箱内流场温度分布的影响.计算结果表明,在稳定增压过程中,贮箱液面无扰动,贮箱内温度分层分布;各参数变化时,对贮箱内温度分布的影响主要是温度梯度的变化,并且各工况下液面附近和扩散器附近温度梯度基本相同.