Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

Upper limit of the total magnetic flux in an active region according to the photometric-magnetic dynamical model

The photometric-magnetic dynamical model handles the evolution of an individual sunspot as an autonomous nonlinear, though integrable, dynamical system. One of its consequences is the prediction of an upper limit of the sunspot areas. This upper limit is analytically expressed by the model parameters, while its calculated value is verified by the observational data. In addition, an upper limit for the magnetic strength inside the sunspot is also predicted, and then, we obtain the following significant result: The upper limit of the total magnetic flux in an active region is found to be of about 7.23 × 10²³ Mx, namely, phenomenologically equal to the magnetic flux concentrated in the totality of the granules of the quiet Sun, having a typical maximum magnetic strength of about 12G. Therefore, the magnetic flux concentrated in an active region cannot exceed the magnetic flux concentrated in the photosphere as a whole.     

Comparison of ionospheric F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 with IRI2001 at Hainan

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with quarter-hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS4 digisonde at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E; Geomagnetic coordinates: 178.95°E, 8.1°N) are used to investigate the low-latitude ionospheric variations and comparisons with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions. The data used for the present study covers the period from February 2002 to April 2007, which is characterized by a wide range of solar activity, ranging from high solar activity (2002) to low solar activity (2007). The results show that (1) Generally, IRI predictions follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2, especially in the summer of 2002. However, there are systematic deviation between experimental values and IRI predictions with either CCIR or URSI coefficients. Generally IRI model greatly underestimate the values of foF2 from about noon to sunrise of next day, especially in the afternoon, and slightly overestimate them from sunrise to about noon. It seems that there are bigger deviations between IRI Model predictions and the experimental observations for the moderate solar activity. (2) Generally the IRI-predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the experimental results, but there is a relatively good agreement in summer at low solar activity. The deviation between the IRI-predicted hmF2 using CCIR M(3000)F2 and observed hmF2 is bigger from noon to sunset and around sunrise especially at high solar activity. The occurrence time of hmF2 peak (about 1200 LT) of the IRI model predictions is earlier than that of observations (around 1500 LT). The agreement between the IRI hmF2 obtained with the measured M(3000)F2 and the observed hmF2 is very good except that IRI overestimates slightly hmF2 in the daytime in summer at high solar activity and underestimates it in the nighttime with lower values near sunrise at low solar activity.     

整体壁板结构弯曲成形分析的等效塑性模型

大型整体壁板结构参数及成形工艺参数优化需要对壁板成形进行大量的非线性仿真计算,详细模型在计算时间和资源消耗方面难以接受,且不易收敛。通过弹塑性力学及回弹分析,基于应力和回弹后的变形等效,考虑了材料塑性变形强化效应,将整体壁板简化为某一虚拟材料的平板进行弹塑性弯曲等效分析。压弯和滚弯成形数值算例分析表明:在工程常用的弯曲半径范围内,变形计算误差在3.5%以内,应力误差在5%以内;等效模型大大减小了建模时间和资源,计算效率提高了70%以上,且计算易收敛;等效模型可以替代详细模型,为大型整体壁板结构参数及工艺参数优化、大型复杂形状壁板成形提供了快捷的分析方法。     

基于修正模型的天线指向误差统计特性分析

作为评估天线性能的重要指标之一,天线指向精度直接影响着天线的跟踪观测性能。为了适应任务需求,提高天线及星地链路分析精度,本文基于指向误差修正模型对模型各分量的影响因素含义进行了系统分析,并定量研究了各个分量对指向误差的影响。基于各模型参数的分布特性,提出了一种指向误差概率分布模型,进一步完善了天线指向误差分析计算方法,最后利用天线的典型参数分析计算了天线指向误差角近似满足修正瑞利分布下的特征,可为后续星地链路统计分析提供参考依据。     

空间实验室大面积太阳电池阵技术研究

介绍了空间实验室大面积太阳电池阵的方案构型，并进行了模态分析、热结构耦合分析和动力学仿真分析。生产出了全尺寸的集成演示样机，进行了展开试验、主展开机构的模态试验，以及半刚性太阳电池板和二自由度驱动机构的振动试验。计算和试验结果表明，技术方案是可行的。     

垂准仪校准的一个新方法

介绍了一种溯源于重力线的垂准仪校准方法;分析了＂顶杆式铅垂准线＂与＂平行光管式水平准线＂之间的联系与区别;基于顶杆式铅垂准线校准的几何模型,给出了天顶/底角的计算方法。     

拖靶系统挂机安装角度计算

拖靶安全释放是拖靶系统正常执行任务的前提,拖靶挂机安装角度的优劣直接影响着拖靶的安全释放.依据拖靶释放特性建立了拖靶系统动力学模型,提出了拖靶安全释放的条件,给出了拖靶挂机安装角度的计算方法;通过实例对方法的正确性进行了验证,其结果直接应用于某新型拖机改装试验中,取得了满意的效果.     

基于AMSAA模型的无人直升机可靠性评估

根据某无人直升机可靠性数据,基于AMSAA模型,对该型无人直升机可靠性进行了评估,得到该无人直升机系统可靠性指标,评判该无人直升机现阶段可靠性水平增长的趋势。该方法可以为其它型号的无人直升机的可靠性评估提供借鉴。     

基于Probit模型的航空差旅管理市场分析

研究分析企业和差旅管理公司的哪些因素会对差旅管理业务的选择产生影响,帮助差旅管理公司明确企业的差旅管理偏好,从而推动中国航空差旅管理市场的发展.针对航空差旅管理市场的现状,在对50家企业进行问卷调查后,通过Probit模型得出10个因素对企业选择差旅管理业务的影响程度,其中“现金流量”、“资金结算手段”、“增值服务种类”和“政策与系统的匹配度”4个因素具有显著性.最后,根据实证结果对企业和差旅管理公司提出相应的建议.