航空发动机静叶联调机构运动分析及优化

针对航空发动机可调静子叶片联调机构运动关系复杂、优化难度大的问题,研究了一种采用图解法和齐次坐标法结合MATLAB软件推导两级联调机构运动方程,并运用遗传算法对两级机构中的关键构件进行联合优化的方法。运用该方法对指定联调机构的两级曲柄可调端长度、可调端与固定端夹角进行了优化求解。得到了最优解,使得第一级摇臂转动角度是第零级摇臂转动角度的2倍,且第一级摇臂转动角速度也是第零级摇臂转动角速度的2倍。      

2级脉冲爆震发动机中超声速射流对撞诱导激波聚焦试验研究

为研究2-St age PDE中连续超声速射流及结构参数对撞诱导激波聚焦的影响规律,在冷态条件下开展了2-St age PDE中连续超声速射流对撞诱导激波聚焦的试验。分析了喷口宽度、导流环深度、凹面腔开口端与喷管间距、尾喷管角度、射流入射压力等参数对凹面腔底部峰值压力的影响。结果表明:喷口宽度、导流环深度、凹面腔开口端与喷口间距、射流入射压力越大,凹面腔底部峰值压力越大,激波聚焦效果越好;尾喷管角度越大,凹面腔底部峰值压力越小,激波聚焦效果越差;喷口宽度、导流环深度、射流入射压力对激波聚焦的影响较大。     

Effects of synthetic jet frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of synthetic jet actuation frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct. The Reynolds number based on the entrance height was 9.78×105. At first, the numerical model was validated with experimental data, and then, the interaction between the separated flow and the synthetic jets at different frequencies was discussed. The results demonstrate that the control effect is significantly dependent on the momentum mixing enhancement between inside of the separated boundary layer and the outer flow. There exists a narrow range of actuation frequency, in which effective separation control can be achieved using synthetic jets. A dimensionless frequency F+=1.0 is identified as the optimal frequency, with a momentum coefficient of 1.62×10-3, the separation area is reduced about 46%, and the aerodynamic performance of the S-duct is also greatly improved compared to uncontrolled case. Further analysis reveals that the choice of actuation frequency is mainly determined by the momentum flux produced by a single ejection and the spacing between adjacent ejections, the optimal frequency case can be understood as a balance between the two factors. In addition, it is found that the synthetic jets can also suppress the secondary flows while decreasing the separation.      

二氧化碳在RP-3航空燃油中溶解度实验测定

以国产实际使用并含有添加剂的RP-3号燃油为研究对象,测量了燃油在不同温度下的密度,搭建了压力降落法实验装置,测定了5~40℃温度及3组不同压力范围下,CO2在RP-3号燃油中的溶解度,采用ASTM D2780-92标准中提供的相对密度法对溶解度进行了计算并与实验值进行了比较.结果显示:计算值与实验值有很大偏差,且随着温度上升及压力下降,该偏差增加,最大相对偏差可达到106%.根据实验值,对ASTM D2780-92中的阿斯特瓦尔德系数计算公式进行了线性修正,修正后计算的溶解度和实验值误差在10%之内.该研究结果可为绿色惰化的设计提供参考依据.      

某大负荷涡轮过渡段设计探索

对某大负荷过渡段进行了探索设计和数值模拟。对比分析表明:在支板数很少的情况下,支板厚度分布对主流区的流动影响很小,主要通过叶型曲率分布来影响支板表面逆压梯度和分离。凹曲率和凸曲率搭配可以有效控制轮毂、机匣和支板叶尖的流动分离。可以通过支板周向倾斜改变支板叶型在S1流面的安装角,从而起到改变攻角效应和控制流动分离的作用。在条件允许的情况下应尽可能将支板部分或全部置于主流逆压梯度较小的区域以减小支板表面压力梯度和分离风险。      

自循环吸附动叶设计原理及数值模拟分析

研究了一种新型自循环吸附动叶,分析了其主要实现结构以及自循环吸附的原理。新型吸附结构利用动叶旋转离心作用形成的驱动力抑制了叶表分离、叶顶二次流动,增加了叶顶附面层动量,提高了动叶效率及稳定裕度。通过与传统的机匣处理技术的对比,阐明了自循环吸附动叶的独特结构以及叶顶喷气技术优势。以Rotor37动叶为例,依据基本的吸气、喷气原则,开展了吸气槽、叶顶喷气孔以及动叶内腔等自循环典型结构概念方案设计,突破了带有动叶内腔的复杂网格生成技术,完成了自循环吸附动叶内腔以及叶片通道内的流动分析以及特性分析。研究结果表明:自循环吸附技术优势明显,数值模拟证明其原理可行。     

Numerical simulations of turbulent flows in aeroramp injector/gas-pilot flame scramjet

To uncover the internal flow characteristics in an ethylene-fueled aeroramp injector/gaspilot(ARI/G-P)flame scramjet,a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)solver is constructed under a hybrid polyhedral cell finite volume frame.The shear stress transport(SST)k-x model is used to predict the turbulence,while the Overmann’s compressibility corrected laminar flamelet model is adopted to simulate the turbulent combustion.Nonreactive computations for Case 1(G-P jet on),Case 2(ARI jets on),and Case 3(both ARI and G-P jets on)were conducted to analyze the mixing mechanism,while reactive Cases 4–7 at equivalent ratios of 0.380,0.278,0.199 and0.167 respectively were calculated to investigate the flame structure and combustion modes.The numerical results are compared well to those of the experiments.It is shown that the G-P jet plays significant role in both the fuel/air mixing and flame holding processes;the combustion for the four reactive cases takes place intensively in the regions downstream of the ARI/G-P unit;Cases 4 and 5are under subsonic combustion mode,whereas Cases 6 and 7 are mode transition critical and supersonic combustion cases,respectively;the mode transition equivalent ratio is approximately 0.20.     

超声速气流中凹腔对液体射流穿透深度的影响

采用高速摄影对凹腔上游液体垂直射入超声速气流中的穿透深度展开了试验研究。进行了不同喷注位置和液气动量通量比条件下,平板射流和带凹腔射流的试验,研究了凹腔对射流穿透深度的影响。试验发现,射流穿透深度在凹腔前缘降低,射流边界曲线向凹腔内弯曲;射流穿透深度在凹腔后缘增大。凹腔对射流液雾的卷吸作用使穿透深度降低,剪切层撞击凹腔后缘形成的高压波传递使得穿透深度在后缘增大。减小液气动量通量比是增大凹腔对射流卷吸作用的途径之一。喷注在凹腔上游3倍凹腔深度的距离上,凹腔对穿透深度降低最大。      

燃烧室进口流场对某回流燃烧室性能影响的数值计算

为了获得燃烧室进口流场对某回流燃烧室性能的影响规律,通过在轴向扩压器上安装带偏转角度的导向叶片,获得不均匀的燃烧室进口流场。在试验验证的基础上,对均匀进气、导向叶片偏转角度25°及导向叶片偏转角度35°共计三种方案的燃烧室性能进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:带偏转角度的导向叶片使燃烧室进口流场变得不均匀,燃烧室进口截面的气流具有一定的偏转角度和切向分速度;带偏转角度的导向叶片使主燃孔和掺混孔的进气存在一定的偏转角度,随着导向叶片偏转角度的加大,主燃孔和掺混孔的轴向速度小幅增加,主燃孔和掺混孔的切向速度逐渐加大且增幅较大;随着导向叶片偏转角度的加大,燃烧室总压恢复系数逐渐降低;带偏转角度的导向叶片对燃烧室的燃烧效率影响不大;随着导向叶片偏转角度的加大,燃烧室出口温度分布系数（OTDF）逐渐降低且降低幅度较大;在同一径向高度,随着导向叶片偏转角度的加大,燃烧室出口周向温度分布不均匀度逐渐降低。      

热冲击后气膜冷却叶片结构强度流固热耦合仿真

研究了冷气流量对气孔周围热应力的影响,为气膜冷却叶片可靠性设计提供参考。改变气孔的孔径,并建立有限元模型,结合有限元/边界元理论,通过流固热三场耦合技术获得热冲击后的叶片最大温度、温度不均衡程度及最大热应力。研究表明:增加冷气量有利于改善叶片冷却效率降低叶片温度,但也会使叶片温度不均衡程度增加,加剧尾缘气孔内的热应力载荷;增加前缘气孔直径可提升66%的平均冷却效率,有利于减缓气孔内的热应力,增加尾缘气孔的直径对冷却效率及热应力的影响均较小。此外,数值计算结果与试验及解析解较为吻合,对于气膜冷却叶片结构设计具有参考价值。