大学英语词汇教学方法的实践与研究

这篇文章从词汇的重要性及教学实践入手，概括地总结了四种词汇记忆的有效方法，意在更好的帮助学生在短时间内迅速地扩大词汇量。     

大口径反射镜在平行光管中的安装方法

文章介绍了3种平行光管中大口径反射镜的安装方法，并通过力学分析进行比较，给出了各自的优缺点。     

大学英语精读课教学法初探

精读课的主要任务是词汇，语法和语篇，围绕这三大任务采取灵活多样的教学方法，来调动学生的学习积极性，培养自主学习能力，从而提高教学质量。     

A Class of TVD Type Combined Numerical Scheme for MHD Equations With a Survey About Numerical Methods in Solar Wind Simulations

It has been believed that three-dimensional, numerical, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling must play a crucial role in a seamless forecasting system. This system refers to space weather originating on the sun; propagation of disturbances through the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and thence, transmission into the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. This role comes as no surprise to numerical modelers that participate in the numerical modelling of atmospheric environments as well as the meteorological conditions at Earth. Space scientists have paid great attention to operational numerical space weather prediction models. To this purpose practical progress has been made in the past years. Here first is reviewed the progress of the numerical methods in solar wind modelling. Then, based on our discussion, a new numerical scheme of total variation diminishing (TVD) type for magnetohydrodynamic equations in spherical coordinates is proposed by taking into account convergence, stability and resolution. This new MHD model is established by solving the fluid equations of MHD system with a modified Lax-Friedrichs scheme and the magnetic induction equations with MacCormack II scheme for the purpose of developing a combined scheme of quick convergence as well as of TVD property. To verify the validation of the scheme, the propagation of one-dimensional MHD fast and slow shock problem is discussed with the numerical results conforming to the existing results obtained by the piece-wise parabolic method (PPM). Finally, some conclusions are made. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Direct integration methods in dynamic problems of structural mechanics

A method of direct integration with respect to time is proposed to solve dynamic problems of structural mechanics and comparison with the well-known methods is presented.     

Σ-演算的范畴模型

Σ-演算是并发演算CC的子理论,集中体现CC中的并行运算部分的特征。本文将并发通信系统看作是由状态加变换构成的动态系统,建立了Σ-演算的范畴模型(Categorical ModeI),其基本思想是:把Σ-演算中的公式对应于范畴构造中的对象(Objects),Σ-演算中的推演对应于范畴中的态射(Morphisms),从而通过Σ-演算的结构操作语义自然地得到一种范畴结构。这种方法可以推广到其它并发理论之中,例如网论和逻辑方法(如线性逻辑Linear Logic),从而范畴论可以作为描述并发、通信和非确定性行为的统一的形式化框架。     

基于卫星观测数据的弹道导弹初始状态估计

利用卫星探测数据对大气层外飞行的弹道导弹弹道进行估计。在极大似然估计中,由于卫星探测导弹运动的可观测性较差,使初始点估计变得十分病态,传统的Gauss Newton迭代算法不再适用,而采用较为复杂Levenberg Marquardt算法,分别对单颗卫星和两颗卫星的情况进行了Monte Carlo仿真,得到了各自的归一化残差测量误差(代价函数),结果表明该算法有效。     

GPS/INS超紧组合载波跟踪环路最优带宽在线设计

在全球定位系统和惯性导航系统组成的超紧耦合系统中,卫星信号的跟踪性能直接取决于载波跟踪环路的带宽。为提高最优带宽的计算精度,在对惯导辅助下载波跟踪环路跟踪特性进行分析的基础上,详细推导了载波多普勒频率估计误差、多普勒频率变化率估计误差的计算方式,建立了惯导辅助下的环路跟踪误差模型;在实时估计跟踪载噪比的基础上,应用离散牛顿二阶梯度法迭代解算最优带宽,并进行实时调整。仿真结果表明,所设计最优带宽迭代解算方法的计算精度能够在11次迭代内达到99.6%,以此作为环路的带宽,能够在弱信号、辅助信息精度较低的情况下有效提高环路的跟踪精度。     

基于星体边缘和轨道投影的光学自主导航算法

针对光学导航中存在的通过星体（球体）图像部分边缘点拟合椭圆参数计算轨道参数产生中间误差的问题,提出利用边缘点映射轨道参数的直接投影模型,避免拟合椭圆参数的方法。在小孔成像模型基础上,建立了边缘点与轨道参数的直接投影数学模型,对其映射过程进行了理论推导,利用列文伯格-马夸尔特迭代算法进行求解轨道参数。用实际探测器以及镜头参数进行数值仿真验证,结果表明：该方法在相同边缘点的条件下,轨道精度可以达到5‰。与传统方法相比,这种方法避免了椭圆的拟合过程,减少了引入中间误差过程。     

Maximal admissible mode decision delay in terminal guidance

Mode decision-maker is a critical component in the logic-based Integrated Estimation and Guidance(IEG) system. For the best possible estimation and guidance performance, the mode decision delay of the mode decision-maker should be limited to a range as small as possible. This paper presents a numerical method for computing the maximal admissible mode decision delay that varies with time-to-go. Particular attention has been paid to highly maneuvering target interception in terminal guidance. The results of this research offer useful guidelines for the design of the mode decision-maker in IEG systems.