Modelling ionospheric vertical drifts over Africa low latitudes using Empirical Orthogonal functions and comparison with climatological model

For the first time, empirical model of daytime vertical $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ drift based on Empirical Orthogonal functions (EOF) decomposition technique is presented. Day-to-day variability of $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ drift inferred from horizontal (H) geomagnetic field data around dip latitude for the period of 2008–2013 is used to both develop and validate the model. Results show that the EOF technique is promising with modelled values and data giving correlation coefficient values of at least 0.90 for geomagnetic conditions of both $K_p?3$ and $K_p>3$ within 2008–2013. Independent model validation shows that in situ $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ values from ion velocity meter (IVM) instrument on-board C/NOFS satellite are closer to model $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ estimates than the climatological Scherliess-Fejer (SF) model incorporated within the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI).     

中频雷达风场的双谱分析

对中纬度中频雷达１９９７年６月８２ｋｍ高度的小时平均风场数据进行了动态谱分析和双谱分析,得到了中层顶区域谱行为具有多样性和各向异性的特点,以及行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间相位相干的现象,讨论了中层顶行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间存在非线性相互作用的可能性。     

基于非定常面元/黏性涡粒子法的低雷诺数滑流气动干扰

针对太阳能无人机螺旋桨滑流与机翼的气动干扰,考虑了低雷诺数流动下气体黏性和压缩性影响,并根据黎曼边界条件和涡量等效原则建立了能够快速计算分析螺旋桨-机翼气动干扰的非定常面元/黏性涡粒子的混合方法。首先使用有试验数据的风洞模型以及数值模拟技术对混合方法进行验证,在此基础上研究了不同安装位置与工况下螺旋桨与机翼的气动干扰。结果表明:螺旋桨对轴向气流的加速以及滑流诱导的上洗和下洗效应使机翼气动力呈现出增升增阻的现象,机翼升阻比有所下降。较大的弦向间距以及较高的垂直安装位置在减缓机翼升阻比下降的同时也使得螺旋桨拉力有所减小。对于多个螺旋桨的气动干扰,不同的桨叶旋转方向导致机翼气动力不同的变化规律,当旋转方向与机翼翼尖涡反向时,螺旋桨滑流能够抑制翼尖涡的强度,提高机翼气动效率。     

Regular features of the polar ionosphere characteristics from Digisonde measurements over Norilsk

Regular features of the polar ionosphere have been studied using its local empirical model of the electron density distribution in the bottomside ionosphere. The local empirical model was derived from the hand-scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 Digisonde at Norilsk, Russia (69.4N, 88.1E; 60N GLAT, 166E GLON) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The paper describes the technique used to build the local empirical model and discusses its diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity specifications in comparison with the standard IRI-2007 climatological model for the same period of time, long-term observations from the European Incoherent Scatter UHF radar (1988–1999), and the high-latitude ionosondes data. Primary focus of the paper is behavior of the three F2 layer parameters: the F2 peak density (NmF2), the peak height (hmF2) and the bottomside thickness (B0). Special emphasis of the paper is the analysis of the winter anomaly manifestation at Norilsk and the peculiar diurnal–seasonal behavior of hmF2 under low solar activity, named as a “polar day effect”.     

Sawtooth substorms generated under conditions of the steadily high solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere: Relationship between PC, AL and ASYM indices

Periodicity in occurrence of magnetic disturbances in polar cap and auroral zone under conditions of steady and powerful solar wind influence on the magnetosphere is analyzed on the example of 9 storm events with distinctly expressed sawtooth substorms (N = 48). Relationships between the polar cap magnetic activity (PC-index), magnetic disturbances in the auroral zone (AL-index) and value of the ring current asymmetry (ASYM index) were examined within the intervals of the PC growth phase and the PC decline phase inherent to each substorm. It is shown that the substorm sudden onsets are always preceded by the PC growth and that the substorm development does not affect the PC growth rate. On achieving the disturbance maximum, the PC and AL indices are simultaneously fall down to the level preceding the substorm, so that the higher the substorm intensity, the larger is the AL and PC drop in the decline phase. The ASYM index increases and decreases in conformity with the PC and AL behavior, the correlation between ASYM and PC being better than between ASYM and AL. Level of the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere determines periodicity and intensity of disturbances: the higher the coupling function E_KL, the higher is substorm intensity and shorter is substorm length. Taking into account the permanently high level of auroral activity and inconsistency of aurora behavior and magnetic onsets during sawtooth substorms, the conclusion is made that auroral ionosphere conductivity is typically high and ensures an extremely high intensity of field-aligned currents in R1 FAC system. The periodicity of sawtooth substorms is determined by recurrent depletions and restorations of R1 currents, which are responsible for coordinated variations of magnetic activity in the polar cap and auroral zone.     

Seasonal and solar cycle dependence of F3-layer near the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly

The occurrence of an additional F3-layer has been reported at Brazilian, Indian and Asian sectors by several investigators. In this paper, we report for the first time the seasonal variations of F3-layer carried out near the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) at São José dos Campos (23.2°S, 45.0°W; dip latitude 17.6°S – Brazil) as a function of solar cycle. The period from September 2000 to August 2001 is used as representative of high solar activity (HSA) and the period from January 2006 to December 2006 as representative of low solar activity (LSA). This investigation shows that during HSA there is a maximum occurrence of F3-layer during summer time and a minimum during winter time. However, during LSA, there is no seasonal variation in the F3-layer occurrence. Also, the frequency of occurrence of the F3-layer during HSA is 11 times more than during LSA.     

低电离层中的行星波扰动及其垂直传播

根据武昌电离层观象台接收的罗兰－Ｃ ＬＦ无线电波的传播资料，利用小波分析方法，研究了１９８５年和１９８６年冬季的低电离层中的行星波扰动及其垂直传播。结果表明：（１）两个冬季中，在７５ｋｍ和９５ｋｍ高度上，均存在明显的行星波扰动，主要成分是５－１０天和１０－２０天周期的波动，扰动幅度随高度增长，但增长值小于理论增长值；（２）在７５ｋｍ高度上的扰动和９５ｋｍ高度上的扰动，具有十分相似的扰动形态。根据行     

亚大地区F2电离层预测方法和CCIR方法的比较

本文将“国际参考电离层”所采用的CCIR频率预测方法和亚大地区F_2电离层预测方法预测的f_0F_2和M(3000)F_2,分别与第21太阳活动周的我国实测数据进行了比较。结果表明,从总体上看,在中国区域内亚大地区F_2电离层预测方法优于CCIR方法。文章建议,在没有更好方法的情况下,未来的“中国参考电离层”可以采用亚大地区F_2电离层预测方法。