高纬磁层顶尾部边界层的离子流剪切不稳定性

研究了高纬磁层顶层部边界层在非均匀磁场条件下的离子流剪切不稳定性，由于考虑了尾向电流，我们发现离子流剪切不稳定性的激发与扰动波长有关，并得到了激发该不稳定性的准临界波长的表达式，对于磁层顶存在的波长为地球半径量级的表面波扰动，离子流剪切不稳定性倾向于发生在磁层顶边界层的内边界，沿磁层顶外边界传播的稳定的表面波和其内边界的离子流剪切不稳定性同时存在，这将有助于解释磁鞘太阳与动量持续不断地向地磁层的传输。     

Ponderomotive Forces in Cosmos

This review is devoted to ponderomotive forces and their importance for the acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves in space plasmas. Ponderomotive forces constitute time-averaged nonlinear forces acting on a media in the presence of oscillating electromagnetic fields. Ponderomotive forces represent a useful analytical tool to describe plasma acceleration. Oscillating electromagnetic fields are also related with dissipative processes, such as heating of particles. Dissipative processes are, however, left outside these discussions. The focus will be entirely on the (conservative) ponderomotive forces acting in space plasmas. The review consists of seven sections. In Section 1, we explain the rational for using the auxiliary ponderomotive forces instead of the fundamental Lorentz force for the study of particle motions in oscillating fields. In Section 2, we present the Abraham, Miller, Lundin–Hultqvist and Barlow ponderomotive forces, and the Bolotovsky–Serov ponderomotive drift. The hydrodynamic, quasi-hydrodynamic, and ‘`test-particle’' approaches are used for the study of ponderomotive wave-particle interaction. The problems of self-consistency and regularization are discussed in Section 3. The model of static balance of forces (Section 4) exemplifies the interplay between thermal, gravitational and ponderomotive forces, but it also introduces a set of useful definitions, dimensionless parameters, etc. We analyze the Alfvén and ion cyclotron waves in static limit with emphasis on the specific distinction between traveling and standing waves. Particular attention has been given to the impact of traveling Alfvén waves on the steady state anabatic wind that blows over the polar regions (Section~5). We demonstrate the existence of a wave-induced cold anabatic wind. We also show that, at a critical point, the ponderomotive acceleration of the wind is a factor of 3 greater than the thermal acceleration. Section 6 demonstrates various manifestations of ponderomotive forces in the Earth's magnetosphere, for instance the ionospheric plasma acceleration and outflow. The polar wind and the auroral density cavities are considered in relation to results from the Freja and Viking satellites. The high-altitude energization and escape of ions is discussed. The ponderomotive anharmonicity of standing Alfvén waves is analyzed from ground based ULF wave measurements. The complexity of the many challenging problems related with plasma processes near the magnetospheric boundaries is discussed in the light of recent Cluster observations. At the end of Section 6, we consider the application of ponderomotive forces to the diversity of phenomena on the Sun, in the interstellar environment, on newborn stars, pulsars and active galaxies. We emphasize the role of forcing of magnetized plasmas in general and ponderomotive forcing in particular, presenting some simple conceivable scenarios for massive outflow and jets from astrophysical objects.     

示踪气体法求客舱通风量和空气龄的方法

 传统的用浓度变化求通风量的公式是建立在单室通风模型上的。通过建立示踪气体质量平衡方程式可得到用单种示踪气体和多种示踪气体浓度变化求客舱（多室）通风量和渗风量的方法。为了提高客舱内空气品质,引入了空气龄的概念并给出了由客舱内典型点的示踪气体的浓度求空气龄及通风效率的方法。     

直升机计及诱速分布和挥扭耦合在侧风下的稳定性和操纵性

 旋翼诱速分布不均匀对无铰旋翼直升机的操稳特性是很得要的。文献[1]研究了计及挥扭耦合在涡流诱速场中的无铰直升机的稳定性分析,比较了诱速不均匀和挥扭耦合对稳定性的影响。本文除了应用文献[2]中的诱速不均匀分布以外,还计及了在侧风情况下的挥扭弹性变形耦合对稳定性和操纵性的影响。本文亦考虑了桨叶气动力中心、弹性轴位置和垂心沿展向的分布。     

掺Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物的紫外发光特性研究

研究了掺杂稀土离子Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物发光体LiXAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Ca^2＋,Sr^2＋或Ba^2＋）,XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Li6＋,Na^＋或K^＋）及LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋（X=Al^3＋,Ga^3＋或In^3＋）的紫外发光特性。实验发现,在LiXAlF6=Ce^3＋中,随着X元素原子序数的增大,Ce^3＋的发光峰就向短波方向移动。首次研究了在XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋与LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋中的X元素的一价与三价离子对Ce^3＋发光的影响,发现这些一价与三价离子的原子序数的变化并不影响Ce^3＋的发射光谱的峰值,它们只在晶格中起着填隙和电荷补偿作用,这有利于Ce^3＋的发光,使发光强度有所增强。这些紫外发光可用来增强X射线影像板中所包含的储存辐射的发光体BaFBr：Eu“的发光,使X射线影像板的显像增强。     

Statistical analysis of the ionospheric ion density recorded by DEMETER in the epicenter areas of earthquakes as well as in their magnetically conjugate point areas

Results of a statistical variation of total ion density observed in the vicinity of epicenters as well as around magnetically conjugated points of earthquakes are presented in this paper. Two data sets are used: the ion density measured by DEMETER during about 6.5?years and the list of strong earthquakes (M_W?≥?4.8) occurring globally during this period (14,764 earthquakes in total). First of all, ionospheric perturbations with 23–120?s observation time corresponding to spatial scales of 160–840?km are automatically detected by a software (64,287 anomalies in total). Second, it is checked if a perturbation could be associated either with the epicenter of an earthquake or with its magnetically conjugated point (distance?<?1500?km and time?<?15?days before the earthquake). The index Kp?<?3 is also considered in order to reduce the effect of the geomagnetic activity on the ionosphere during this period. The results show that it is possible to detect variations of the ionospheric parameters above the epicenter areas as well as above their conjugated points. About one third of the earthquakes are detected with ionospheric influence on both sides of the Earth. There is a trend showing that the perturbation length increases as the magnitude of the detected EQs but it is more obvious for large magnitude. The probability that a perturbation appears is higher on the day of the earthquake and then gradually decreases when the time before the earthquake increases. The spatial distribution of perturbations shows that the probability of perturbations appearing southeast of the epicenter before an earthquake is a little bit higher and that there is an obvious trend because perturbations appear west of the conjugated point of an earthquake.     

LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(NCA)正极材料的磷酸表面改性

针对新一代空间型号产品对储能电源提出的更高需求,提出采用表面改性的方法提升LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2（NCA）正极材料在锂离子电池中的循环稳定性。通过采用磷酸（H3PO4）对NCA正极材料进行表面处理,H3PO4会与NCA颗粒表面的含锂碱性物质发生反应,从而在NCA颗粒表面生成稳定且导电性良好的Li3PO4界面层。循环以及阻抗测试结果表明,经H3PO4表面处理的NCA材料组装电池循环50次后电池容量为170.5mA·h/g,容量保持率达到94%以上,界面阻抗得到抑制。H3PO4表面处理有效抑制了NCA颗粒表面碱性残留对电化学性能的不良影响,提升了界面稳定性,获得了更好的循环性能。     

离子推力器极少数据可靠性评估方法

针对只有两台离子推力器进行寿命试验,试验结果为极少失效数据的情况,建立了一种离子推力器整机可靠性评估方法.通过引入区间统计量的概念,充分开发从最后一个失效数据继续试验到没有发生产品失效这一重要试验信息,由高斯-马尔科夫定理计算出寿命分布参数的最佳线性无偏估计,并给出离子推力器可靠度和寿命的单侧置信下限.最后,对美国NASA研制的型号为XIPS-13的离子推力器进行可靠性评估,得出了其寿命需求10000h的可靠度单侧置信下限为0.87及给定可靠度为0.9时的寿命单侧置信下限为9024.6h,该方法精度较高,便于工程应用.      

SiC陶瓷与GH128镍基高温合金反应连接研究

采用 Fe-Ni(重量比为 65∶ 3 5)金属粉末焊料,利用 Gleeble1 50 0热模拟机对镍基高温合金 ( GH1 2 8)和 Si C陶瓷进行反应连接,研究了连接温度、连接压力和高温保温时间对试样连接强度的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数,并制备了剪切强度超过 3 4.3 MPa的陶瓷 /金属连接件。界面结构分析表明陶瓷 /焊料界面反应层的形成主要受 Fe,Ni原子向陶瓷中的扩散引起     

基于Ti/TiN薄膜传感器的飞机金属结构裂纹监测

针对飞机金属结构在服役过程中的裂纹实时监测需求,提出一种Ti/TiN导电薄膜与电位监测原理相结合的结构裂纹监测研究方案。首先,通过真空离子镀膜技术在结构易于出现裂纹的部位制备了Ti/TiN薄膜传感器。然后,进行了传感器膜层与2A12-T4铝合金基体的损伤一致性验证。结果表明,传感器与基体具有良好的损伤一致性。最后,进行了两组基于Ti/TiN薄膜传感器的裂纹监测试验,主要研究结构裂纹与传感器电位之间的相互关系,并对两组电位监测结果进行对比。结果表明,通过分析Ti/TiN薄膜传感器电位的变化可以实现对2A12-T4铝合金结构裂纹萌生和扩展进行实时监测,两组试验的电位监测结果具有良好的重复性。