The lunar dust pendulum

An analytic model for the motion of a positively charged lunar dust grain in the presence of a shadowed crater at a negative potential in vacuum is presented. It is shown that the dust grain executes oscillatory trajectories, and an expression is derived for the period of oscillation. Simulations used to verify the analytic expression also show that because the trajectories are unstable, dust grains are either ejected from the crater’s vicinity or deposited into the crater forming “dust ponds.” The model also applies to other airless bodies in the solar system, such as asteroids, and predicts that under certain conditions, particularly near lunar sunset, oscillating dust “canopies” or “swarms” will form over negatively charged craters.     

Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and the dust emission in the galaxy clusters

It is shown that if the dust is present in the hot intergalactic gas, the galaxy cluster must be very bright source of far infrared emission. This emission can be observed by modern IR astronomy methods. At the same time, taking realistic assumptions about the intergalactic dust nature, it is impossible to explain negative results of the attempts made at observational detecting the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the centimeter wavelength region as the compensation of the expected decrements by the dust grains emission.     

Extragalactic observations and future missions

We briefly review some questions of extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology that would most benefit from future missions outside the Earth's atmosphere in the IR and submillimeter. These include the formation and early evolution phases in galaxies and the probably related question of quasar formation; the observation of Active Galactic Nuclei embedded in thick dusty structures (torii) and its impact on the still debated unified model of AGN activity; the observability of radiation processes occurring at very highz through background measurements; the investigation of the large scale structure and velocity field in the distant universe; and studies of the interstellar medium in galaxies. Some more emphasis is given on the galaxy formation problem, because we believe that IR-mm sensitive observations will be crucial to its final solution.     

The flux of interstellar dust observed by Ulysses and Galileo

Interstellar dust detected by the dust sensor onboard Ulysses was first identified after the Jupiter flyby when the spacecraft's trajectory changed dramatically (Grün et al., 1994). Here we report on two years of Ulysses post-Jupiter data covering the range of ecliptic latitudes from 0° to –54° and distances from 5.4 to 3.2 AU. We find that, over this time period, the flux of interstellar dust particles with a mean mass of 3·10^–13 g stays nearly constant at about 1·10^–4, m^–2 s^–1 ( sr)^–1, with both ecliptic latitude and heliocentric distance.Also presented are 20 months of measurements from the identical dust sensor onboard the Galileo spacecraft which moved along an in-ecliptic orbit from 1.0 to 4.2 AU. From the impact direction and speeds of the measured dust particles we conclude that Galileo almost certainly sensed interstellar dust outside 2.8 AU; interstellar particles may also account for part of the flux seen between 1 and 2.8 AU.     

行星际尘粒中锂同位素丰度与太阳星云演化的关系

1引言构成太阳系的大多数元素都经历过恒星演化过程，但3种轻元素Li，Be和B极为脆弱，在绝大多数恒星内部的高温、高密度和剧烈变动的条件下，很快就会分解．太阳系的早期阶段，太阳星云可能是由大爆炸产生的1H、2H、3He、4He和7Li及附近超新星爆发产生的C、N、O等构成[1]，而6Li、Be、B是以后由宇宙射线粒子轰击附近星际和行星际的C、N、O等的核产生[2]．因为Li的同位素丰度的一部分是由大爆炸生成，一部分是由宇宙射线与星际介质核反应产生，因此它的丰度与宇宙射线暴露时间有关．1991年，文献间报导过在行星际尘粒中发现Li、Be和…     

彗星环境中尘埃等离子体的电荷涨落和静电波动

本文分析了尘埃等离子体中尘埃颗粒的带电过程，给出了一套自洽的工流体方程组．运用这组方程研究了尘埃电荷的起伏涨落，得到了非磁化均匀尘埃等离子体中静电波动的色散关系．针对彗星空间环境中尘埃等离子体的特点，讨论了尘埃电荷的涨落对各种静电波动的影响．     

气膜孔形状对排孔下游冷却效率的影响

 实验研究了气膜孔几何形状及吹风比对孔排下游的局部冷却效率的影响。所用孔形是簸箕形孔、圆锥形孔及圆柱形孔,实验的参数范围为二次流孔径雷诺数 Re=10000～ 25000,二次流吹风比 M=0.3～ 2.0,在上述范围选取了 26个工况分别对 3种孔形进行了实验。结果表明 :圆锥形孔、簸箕形孔及圆柱形孔的最佳吹风比分别为 1.0,0.7及 0.5。当吹风比大于 0.7时,带有扩张型出口的气膜孔的冷却效率和冷却区域均优于圆柱形孔。     

MIDAS – The Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System for the Rosetta Mission

The International Rosetta Mission is set for a rendezvous with Comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. On its 10 year journey to the comet, the spacecraft will also perform a fly-by of the two asteroids Stein and Lutetia in 2008 and 2010, respectively. The mission goal is to study the origin of comets, the relationship between cometary and interstellar material and its implications with regard to the origin of the Solar System. Measurements will be performed that shed light into the development of cometary activity and the processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and the inner coma. The Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System (MIDAS) instrument is an essential element of Rosetta’s scientific payload. It will provide 3D images and statistical parameters of pristine cometary particles in the nm-μm range from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. According to cometary dust models and experience gained from the Giotto and Vega missions to 1P/Halley, there appears to be an abundance of particles in this size range, which also covers the building blocks of pristine interplanetary dust particles. The dust collector of MIDAS will point at the comet and collect particles drifting outwards from the nucleus surface. MIDAS is based on an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), a type of scanning microprobe able to image small structures in 3D. AFM images provide morphological and statistical information on the dust population, including texture, shape, size and flux. Although the AFM uses proven laboratory technology, MIDAS is its first such application in space. This paper describes the scientific objectives and background, the technical implementation and the capabilities of MIDAS as they stand after the commissioning of the flight instrument, and the implications for cometary measurements.     

带螺纹塑件注射模设计及成型工艺

分析螺纹塑件的结构特点、工艺要求,介绍了基于拼合结构模外卸除螺纹型环的注射模结构以及工作过程,并且对ABS的注射成型工艺进行了分析。     

旋翼诱发砂尘环境及其对直升机的危害

 用直升机模型进行试验研究,制造了“直升机”在地面附近不同高度悬停及不同桨盘载荷下诱发砂尘环境,考察了旋翼诱发砂尘对直升机的实际危害,测定了某些指定部位的砂尘浓度与作用力及砂尘粒度分布情况。理论分析,计算了机身周围旋翼诱导流场,并经实验检验了直升机旋翼诱发砂尘浓度、粒度分布规律及作用力的近似估算方法。