水泥立窑除尘技术的现状与趋势

本文首先在论述大型水泥企业除尘技术经验的基础上，介绍了几种新型除尘技术和设备，最后介绍了国内外先进的电除尘技术。     

Response of a pentagonal PZT element as a component of a 4π-real-time detector

The detector characteristics of a pentagonal element were studied by colliding it with hypervelocity micro-particles. A charge-sensitive amplifier was developed for the element of its capacitance ∼10 nF. The output amplitudes were expressed as a linear function of the momentum at collision. Empirical formulas obtained from on-ground experiments could be used for the calibration of the detector. The pentagonal element was potential to measure the momentum during collision from the output amplitude. A set of electrodes on the surface was used to confirm the measurement of the coordinates at collision. A possible application of this pentagonal element on a real-time dust detector was discussed.     

空间粉尘高速撞击对光学玻璃透过率影响的研究

航天器在轨服役期间会遭受到大量的微陨石及空间微小碎片撞击作用。这些微陨石和空间微小碎片可能吸附在航天器光学玻璃表面,也可能与光学玻璃表面碰撞产生陷坑等缺陷。文章采用爆炸式粉尘加速器加速微米级铝粉末撞击K8光学玻璃,在玻璃表面产生大量碰撞陷坑形成砂蚀磨损现象,利用CΦ-46型分光计测量光学玻璃的透过率。结果表明,光学玻璃磨损区域的透过率明显下降。透过率下降程度与陷坑数量成比例。通过对单个陷坑的计算,当陷坑深度大于或等于一个粒子直径时,光线衰减程度达到最大。     

A synchrotron-based facility for the in-situ location,chemical and mineralogical characterization of ∼10 μm particles captured in aerogel

NASA’s Stardust mission collected dust from the coma of Comet Wild-2 on January 2nd, 2004, by direct capture into aerogel cells that flew through the dust coma at ∼6 km/s. Stardust collected several hundred comet particles >10 μm in size. These comet samples were delivered to Earth on January 15th, 2006. We developed a facility at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY, USA) for the in-situ characterization of ∼10 μm particles collected in aerogel. These analytical instruments allow us to perform extensive chemical, mineralogical, and size-frequency characterization of particles captured in aerogel. These analyses are conducted without any invasive extraction, minimizing the possibility of contamination or particle loss during preparation. This facility was used to determine the chemical composition, the oxidation state, the mineralogy and to provide an indication of the grain size of the Wild-2 particles before they were removed from the aerogel. This information provides a catalog of particle types, allowing a more reasoned allocation of the particles to subsequent investigators based on a relatively detailed knowledge of the chemical composition and mineralogy of each particle. These measurements allowed a comparison of the chemical and mineralogical properties of the Wild-2 particles with other types of extraterrestrial materials, including interplanetary dust particles and meteorites. The success of in-situ analysis for Wild 2 particles demonstrates that synchrotron-based facilities will be important for the analysis of particles collected in aerogel on future earth-orbiting satellites and spacecraft.     

The dust content of clusters of galaxies

We have statistically investigated the infrared luminosity of clusters of galaxies in comparison with the known tracers of the cluster mass like the X-ray luminosity and the cluster richness (e.g. the number of member galaxies). Our results show that there is a clear positive correlation of the infrared luminosity with the cluster mass. Quantitatively speaking, the infrared luminosity is on average 20 times higher than the X-ray luminosity. Moreover, the infrared luminosity increases with the redshift. This probably shows that a major part of this infrared luminosity is due to star formation in the member galaxies. Another possible contribution would be the thermal emission from dust particles in the diffuse intracluster medium. However our method does not allow us to infer conclusions about this second hypothesis. Depending on their size and abundance, such particles would contribute to the infrared luminosity of galaxy cluster and have an impact on the cooling function of the baryons and thus on the formation of the large scale structures. This is an important cosmological question which still remains open.     

月球粉尘的研究现状

随着我国探月工程的开展,面临着月球粉尘危害性的问题,急需开展月球粉尘的研究。文章在调研的基础上,阐述了目前国外在月球粉尘方面的研究现状,主要是美国"阿波罗"计划中对月尘的特性、危害性、探测和防护方面的研究。     

模拟月尘对巡视器车轮轮轴材料的磨损试验研究

文章以CE-3巡视器车轮轮轴为研究对象,利用北京卫星环境工程研究所的月尘环境模拟器、摩擦磨损试验机以及自行研制的模拟月尘,对车轮轮轴主要材料进行了磨损试验研究。试验样品为轮轴常用的铝合金、聚四氟乙烯及轴承钢。文章分析了试验前后样品的表面形貌,采用测试系统获得了轮轴材料在不同试验条件下的摩擦系数曲线,采用电子天平测量了材料的质量损失;分析了真空、大气、有无月尘等试验条件以及材料本身在磨损试验中的效应。研究结果可为月面巡视器等月面应用设备的研制提供可借鉴的信息。     

空间粉尘探测器研究进展

文章在系统地总结空间粉尘（微小空间碎片和微流星体）探测技术的基础上,重点分析了压电型探测器、半导体型探测器、电离型探测器、组合式探测器等的工作原理、技术特点及其应用,同时简要评述了空间粉尘探测技术的发展趋势。     

月尘累积特性测量技术研究与应用

月尘是月球环境对月球探测器影响中的一个重要因素。文章针对月表的自然环境和月尘累积特性分布机理,开展对月尘累积特性的测量技术研究,提出了采用黏性石英晶体微量天平(SQCM)和太阳电池短路电流两种测量方法,分别测量月表自然悬浮月尘的累积特性和着陆月表时扬起的月尘量,并在此基础上设计了月尘测量系统。该测量系统包括SQCM探头、太阳电池探头和电控箱,地面标定试验结果验证了其设计的可行性。此测量系统成功应用于嫦娥三号月球探测任务中,并实现了月尘累积特性的在轨原位测量。     

“祝融号”火星车反射面天线设计

针对“天问一号”火星探测器“祝融号”火星车的探测通信任务需求,提出了一种X频段轻小型宽频圆极化反射面天线。该反射面天线采用了新型一体化紧凑馈源技术,实现馈源长度和口径减小20%的同时提高了反射面天线的口径效率,抵挡了火星的尘埃影响。经过对馈源进行的仿真优化,最终实测结果表明,该天线在7.1～8.4GHz内口径效率可达62.3%,在深空探测的工作频带范围内具有较好的增益、驻波和圆极化特性,该天线已成功应用于“天问一号”火星探测器“祝融号”火星车。