充气式再入航天器总体方案及关键技术初探

充气式再入航天器是一种新型的再入航天器,可实现载人航天和行星探测任务中的行星大气再入,具有系统简单、质量小、气动加热低和可适应不同外形的再入载荷等优点。文章介绍了充气式再入航天器的国际发展现状,并对充气式再入航天器的总体方案进行了初步分析。参考俄罗斯的充气再入与降落技术(inflatable re-entry and descent technology,IRDT)设计先例,提出了充气式再入航天器的构型方案,并针对该构型进行了基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的气动力和热仿真分析。计算采用了迎风格式的层流模型,基于密度进行求解。文章还基于国际空间站的运行轨道,开展了再入轨道的设计,最后对再入气动特性分析、柔性热防护材料、布局与折叠包装和充气机构设计等关键技术提出了初步建议。     

Initial phase of mid-latitude aurora during strong geomagnetic storms

Analysing the initial mid-latitude aurora phase during strong geomagnetic storms we found that the initial phase of the mid-latitude aurorae observed at 630 nm emission during the strong geomagnetic storms on March 24, 1991, April 6, 2000, October 30 and November 20, 2003 is characterized by a short (∼1 h) wave-like disturbance. This disturbance corresponds to the beginning of main phase of the magnetic storms. The marked effect of the mid-latitude aurorae is analyzed using data on magnetosphere and ionosphere conditions in observation periods. The features of the dynamics of the 630 nm emission intensity and its connection with the dynamics of magnetospheric–ionospheric structures are considered. Possible excitation mechanisms of the atomic oxygen emission (630 nm) during these disturbances are discussed.     

Residual stress determination in friction stir butt welded joints using a digital image correlation-aided slitting technique

This paper presents an incremental cutting method for evaluating the longitudinal residual stresses in a butt welded thin plate via combining the traditional residual stress measurement methods and the advanced optical technique.The proposed approach,which can be called digital image correlation (DIC)-aided slitting technique,introduces a successive extension slot to a speci men and employs the DIC technique to measure the released displacement profiles of the cutting sections after each cutting increment.Then the displacement profiles are used to directly calculate the residual stress distributions up to the slot tip and hence,a stress distribution can be obtained after a cutting increment.Finally,all of the stress distributions are averaged to ultimately determine the original residual stress field.This method does not include any complex experimental operations or tedious derivation,and the resolution of stress variation is greatly improved by the continuous measurement of the released displacements.The presented method has been preliminarily verified by a specimen with residual stress introduced by a four-point bending test.The results show that residual stresses determined by the DIC-aided slitting technique agree well with those from finite element (FE) prediction.The residual stress in a friction stir welded aluminum specimen obtained by the presented technique is also consistent with the evaluations given by X-ray diffraction.Fur thermore,the residual stresses obtained by the DIC-aided slitting technique demonstrate higher accuracy and stability than the evaluations derived by the DIC-aided contour method.     

基于线性频散信号构建的复杂航空结构Lamb波高分辨率损伤成像

在对复杂航空结构的Lamb波损伤成像中,Lamb波频散容易使信号波包发生扩展和变形,从而降低信号的分辨率,并最终影响损伤监测结果,因此Lamb波频散补偿已成为急需解决的一个重要问题。目前常用的频散补偿方法需要理论计算Lamb波频散曲线,难以适用于复杂航空结构。本文利用现场直接测得的相对波数曲线进行线性频散信号构建(Linearly-dispersive signal construction,LDSC)的频散补偿处理,解决了航空复杂结构中Lamb波频散难以补偿的问题。然后,将LDSC用于延迟叠加损伤成像中,以实现高分辨率损伤成像。为了降低多反射的复杂航空结构形式对成像结果的影响,引入了1.5波峰正弦调制的准宽带Lamb波激励波形。最后通过在真实复杂的某型飞机大梁结构上的实验证明了所提方法的有效性。     

质子交换膜燃料电池用增强型复合膜性能研究

用流延法制备增强型NaIion／PTFE复合膜,用电子扫描显微镜（SEM）观察膜,测试了膜的溶胀率、机械强度及质子传导率测试和单体电池性能,并与市售Nafion0膜进行比较。研究表明：流延法制备的Nafion／PTFE复合膜致密性好,（23±2）℃和（i00±2）℃恒温水浴条件下,Nafion／PTFE复合膜体积溶胀率分别仅为Nafion0212膜的30％,70％,Nafion／PTFE复合膜的最大拉伸强度较Nation212膜高52％,H2渗透率较Nafion0212膜高14％～25％;Nafion／PTFE复合膜的放电电压高于Nation0211膜,当电流密度为1000mA／cm。时,Nafion／F’T—FE复合膜单池放电电压为0．714V,较Nafion0212膜高8％,能满足质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）使用要求。     

曲面复合材料胶接修补参数优化

随着复合材料在航空结构上的应用越来越广泛,国内外对受损复合材料结构的修补问题开展了较多的研究,但目前所开展的研究基本上是针对平板结构的修补,曲板结构修补的研究开展很少,所以迫切需要开展这方面的研究。本文针对曲板复合材料孔洞型穿透性损伤,采用方形复合材料补片胶接贴补方式,对影响修补效率的多个胶接参数进行了分析计算。在有限元分析中,考虑到曲面复合材料的外形特殊性,及胶接修补的特点,建立了修补结构的力学分析模型:“三实体模型”。有限元分析采用ANSYS软件,所得结论对工程应用具有实用价值。     

不同相位壁面局部微振动诱导边界层大涡结构

以平板边界层Blasius解为基本流,利用直接数值模拟的方法求解三维不可压缩N-S方程,研究了边界层中不同初始相位壁面局部微振动诱导大涡结构的过程。计算结果表明:壁面扰动初始相位为0或π,大涡结构的初始扰动速度场完全相反,初始相位为0时,大涡结构演化时无论其扰动速度幅值、高低速条纹结构,流向涡量均随时间的增加而增长,壁面平均切应力明显大于平板边界层流动,近壁平均速度剖面变得饱满;初始相位为π时,诱导形成的大涡结构较弱。壁面局部微振动可诱导边界层内形成大涡结构,大涡结构演化特性与局部微振动初始相位密切相关。     

空间薄膜结构充气展开研究

空间薄膜结构可以通过气体驱动其展开,与传统的机械展开方式相比,其展开机构较为简单、发射成本低、且折叠体积小,可以应用在空间柔性结构的展开、废弃卫星的离轨等多领域中.针对空间薄膜结构充气展开方式,在高级有限元前后处理软件(LS-PREPOST)中建立模型并设定4种工况,选定一种工况为标准充气情况,而后将模型输出的K文件导...     

机动武器系统变拓扑柔性多体系统动力学及仿真

基于柔性多体动力学理论，提出了变拓扑结构多体系统动力学建模方法，将系统约束分为基本约束和条件约束，研究运动相容性方程和铰接摩擦力的建模，对机动武器系统发射出筒过程进行动力学建模与仿真分析，此项研究可应用于机动武器系统的设计与分析。     

基于分支梁模型的飞行器动力学建模与分析

研究了分支结构动力学建模对全弹模态的影响,分别建立了单梁和分支梁有限元模型,通过数值计算与试验结果对比分析发现,考虑分支结构对全弹刚度的影响时,能有效的提高模态预示精度。以分支梁模型为标准,建立了共用结点、MPC多点约束和Spring三种分支梁连接模型,基于Spring连接模型,分析了不同连接刚度对飞行器结构模态的影响。