液固横向耦合系统的动响应及圆柱贮箱中液体节径运动规律研究

导出了圆柱贮箱中液体与弹簧质量系统耦合的动力学方程,并在其动响应的基础上考察了圆柱贮箱中液体节径的运动规律．     

卡箍-管路系统固有特性计算与试验方法

以航空发动机中的卡箍-管路系统为研究对象,基于自主设计的卡箍刚度试验测试装置,对直径为8 mm的卡箍的线刚度和角刚度进行了试验测试。根据实测卡箍刚度,采用线性弹簧对其进行离散化等效处理,并基于自编有限元法建立了卡箍-管路系统的动力学模型。通过试验与仿真所获得的固有频率及频响函数的对比,从而验证了卡箍刚度测定及有限元模型的合理性,并进一步研究了拧紧力矩对卡箍-管路系统固有频率的影响。结果表明:拧紧力矩的增加会导致管路的固有频率增大,且针对所研究的卡箍,当拧紧力矩大于8 N·m时,管路固有频率逐渐趋于稳定。      

基于非结构网格空间推进的高超声速飞行器背脊线优化

针对高超声速飞行器背脊线优化进行了研究。结合自由曲面变形(FFD)方法和Hicks-Henne型函数建立背脊线参数化模型,保证了飞行器背部曲面光滑连续。为减少计算耗时,采用非结构网格空间推进方法求解高超声速无黏流场,通过钝锥算例对该方法计算效率和精度进行了参数分析,并对飞行器流场计算进行了验证,对比表明表明:非结构网格空间推进算法计算效率提高4.5倍以上,计算结果与常规时间迭代法符合较好。采用优化拉丁超立方抽样建立响应面模型,分析了各设计变量对目标函数的影响。采用非支配排序NSGA-Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ)算法以阻力系数和升阻比为目标对背脊线优化,约束飞行器体积变化不超过20%。结果表明,飞行器阻力系数和升阻比呈负相关,优化后阻力系数降低7.1%,升阻比提高16.9%。      

扭转刚度对功率分流传动系统均载特性的影响

考虑齿侧间隙、齿轮副间的时变啮合刚度、齿轮偏心误差、轴的扭转以及支撑刚度等,构建了面齿轮-圆柱齿轮两次功率分流传动的动力学模型。利用传动构型的力封闭特点以及将轴的扭转角位移当量转化成线位移的方法,消除了系统方程中的刚体位移。采用Runge-Kutta数值仿真法求解了动力学方程,获得了传动系统的均载系数,并研究了各传动轴扭转刚度对均载系数的影响。结果表明:输入、输出轴的扭转刚度对系统各传动级均载特性几乎没有影响;均载系数对左、右分扭轴和双联轴的扭转刚度较敏感。在双联轴满足强度要求且扭转刚度取较小值时,左、右分扭轴扭转刚度的合理匹配可进一步提高系统的动力学均载特性。      

基于粒子群算法的核屏蔽感应电机多目标优化设计

屏蔽感应电机是核反应堆冷却回路的动力源,提高该电机的效率和降低电磁噪声具有重要的意义。将有限元法和磁路法相结合,设计了1台20 kW核屏蔽感应电机。利用有限元软件对其进行额定工况运行状态下噪声和损耗仿真分析,确定影响电机效率和电磁噪声的主要参数;选取影响电机效率和噪声的主要参数为优化变量,电机电磁噪声和效率为优化目标,输出功率为约束条件;采用正交试验表获得样本空间;通过响应面法建立优化目标及约束条件的优化模型,最后利用粒子群算法对优化模型进行求解。有限元仿真结果表明:优化后电机效率提高了2.6%,电磁噪声降低了5.2 dB。     

Non-random vibration analysis for general viscous damping systems

The authors recently developed a kind of non-probabilistic analysis method, named as ‘non-random vibration analysis’, to deal with the important random vibration problems, in which the excitation and response are both given in the form of interval process rather than stochastic process. Since it has some attractive advantages such as easy to understand, convenient to use and small dependence on samples, the non-random vibration analysis method is expected to be an effective supplement of the traditional random vibration theory. In this paper, we further extend the non-random vibration analysis into the general viscous damping system, and formulate a method to calculate the dynamic response bounds of a viscous damping vibration system under uncertain excitations. Firstly, the unit impulse response matrix of the system is obtained by using a complex mode superposition method. Secondly, an analytic formulation of the system dynamic response middle point and radius under uncertain excitations is derived based on the Duhamel's integral, and thus the upper and lower response bounds of the system can be obtained. Finally, two numerical examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

机动飞行中旋翼尾迹畸变效应实验

为准确计算机动飞行时的旋翼他轴响应,气动模型应计入尾迹畸变效应。体现此效应的关键在于推出时变的尾迹弯曲参数KR。本文通过烟流实验,得出随旋翼前进比、拉力系数和机动角速率变化的KR表达式,并分析指出,国外文献采用固定KR值不足以体现机动效应。为了给理论预测提供参考,本文还测量了机动旋翼的空气动力时间历程,表明旋翼轴接受准阶跃输入后,同轴及他轴的空气动力响应有过冲,且俯仰速率愈大,过冲幅值愈大;本实验中他轴响应为主响应的15%。     

翼型和机翼阵风响应的数值模拟

采用有限体积法来数值求解非定常Euler和NS方程,并在非定常计算中通过引入"网格速度"来计入阵风的影响,实现了对刚性翼型和机翼阵风响应的有效数值模拟。首先采用该方法来对翼型攻角突然增大的阵风、陡边型阵风这两种典型阵风情况下的翼型气动力响应进行了计算,结果表明:计算结果与现有的一些理论结果都符合较好,与文献中计算结果也吻合,NS方程的计算结果与Euler方程计算结果在变化趋势上是一致的,但具体的数值有差别。最后针对攻角突然增大的阵风,对不同马赫数下不同展弦比平直机翼的阵风响应进行了数值模拟,得出的计算结果与文献中的计算结果一致。     

一种识别单盘柔性转子不平衡的新方法

基于柔性转子瞬态响应和反向传播神经网络理论,提出了一种识别单盘柔性转子不平衡的新方法.通过转子的理论模型建立识别转子不平衡方位角的BP神经网络,在此基础上只需两次加速启动过程就可完成对转子不平衡的识别.首先通过BP神经网络和第一次启动过程的瞬态响应数据,识别出转子不平衡的方位角;然后再通过一次加试重启动过程,利用瞬态挠度的幅值与不平衡大小之间的线性关系,识别出不平衡的大小.实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.      

Structural topology optimization under stationary random base acceleration excitations

Structural topology optimization subjected to stationary random base acceleration excitations is investigated in this paper. In the random response analysis, the Large Mass Method(LMM) which attributes artificial large mass values at each driven nodal Degree Of Freedom(DOF) to transforming the base acceleration excitations into force excitations is proposed. The Complete Quadratic Combination(CQC) which is commonly used to calculate the random responses in previous optimization has been proven to be computationally expensive especially for large-scale problems. In order to conquer this difficulty, the Pseudo Excitation Method(PEM) and the combined method of PEM and Mode Acceleration Method(MAM) are adopted into the dynamic topology optimization, and random responses are calculated using these two methods to ascertain a high efficiency over the CQC. A density-based topology optimization method minimizing dynamic responses is then formulated based on the integration of LMM and PEM or the combined method of PEM and MAM. Numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed schemes in dynamic response analysis and the quality of the optimized design in improving dynamic performance.