CIVA

CIVA (Comet Infrared and Visible Analyser) is an integrated set of imaging instruments, designed to characterize the 360^∘ panorama (CIVA-P) as seen from the Rosetta Lander Philae, and to study surface and subsurface samples (CIVA-M). CIVA-P is a panoramic stereo camera, while CIVA-M is an optical microscope coupled to a near infrared microscopic hyperspectral imager. CIVA shares a common Imaging Main Electronics (IME) with ROLIS. CIVA-P will characterize the landing site, with an angular sampling (IFOV) of 1.1 mrad: each pixel will image a 1 mm size feature at the distance of the landing legs, and a few metres at the local horizon. The panorama will be mapped by 6 identical miniaturized micro-cameras covering contiguous FOV, with their optical axis 60^∘ apart. Stereoscopic capability will be provided by an additional micro-camera, identical to and co-aligned with one of the panoramic micro-camera, with its optical axis displaced by 10 cm. CIVA-M combines two ultra-compact and miniaturised microscopes, one operating in the visible and one constituting an IR hyperspectral imaging spectrometer: they will characterize, by non-destructive analyses, the texture, the albedo, the molecular and the mineralogical composition of each of the samples provided by the Sample Drill and Distribution (SD2) system. For the optical microscope, the spatial sampling is 7 μm; for the IR, the spectral range (1–4 μm) and the spectral sampling (5 nm) have been chosen to allow identification of most minerals, ices and organics, on each pixel, 40 μm in size. After being studied by CIVA, the sample could be analysed by a subsequent experiment (PTOLEMY and/or COSAC). The process would be repeated for each sample obtained at different depths and/or locations.     

Assessment of plant vitality detection through fluorescence and reflectance imagery

Recent studies of the vegetation fluorescence show that it can be successfully used as an intrinsic indicator of plant photosynthetic activity. With respect to the vegetation spectral reflectance, the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence is more specific as an observable of basic biophysical processes in the plant cells. Laser induced fluorescence is widely used in near range remote sensing, but it is not suitable for the global monitoring of vegetation. Decades of active fluorometry studies have collected useful information of leaf reaction to natural and anthropogenic stress. Still the passive fluorescence, the one that could be registered from satellite orbit has still to prove its advantage over widely used reflectance signature. The weakness of the signal and the lack of experience with passive fluorescence measurements require extensive technical, theoretical and experimental studies. New imaging fluorometres are to be designed for measuring steady state fluorescence in controlled and natural conditions.

In order to compare reflectance and steady state fluorescence sensitivity to stress impact, a set of experiments have been conducted under controlled illumination conditions in a bio-chamber, designed by the author’s team. The equipment allows plant vitality to be monitored both by passive fluorescence and spectral reflectance imaging. Different types of stress factors (heat and drought stress, acid impact) were investigated to demonstrate equipments ability in monitoring changes of fluorescence signal. Selected fluorescence images of foliage illustrate an early detection of plant dysfunction and the temporal and spatial spreading of the stress impact. Analysis shows that fluorescence imaging of green plants can be developed as a highly effective early warning remote sensing method, which could have application for an ecosystems’ monitoring along with high-spectral reflectance imagery.     

分布式微振动测量及成像质量影响分析

光学遥感卫星的微振动力学环境是影响在轨成像质量的主要因素之一,已成为遥感领域的研究热点.以保证卫星在轨成像质量为目标,分析了成像质量对卫星微振动隔振抑制需求,并采用测量主要光学元件角位移分析微振动对成像质量影响的方法,对某型卫星CMG组开机工作对相机传函的影响进行了分析验证.     

基于主被动量子关联成像的超分辨抗干扰探测系统研制

针对大气湍流以及不同光照条件下难以成像的问题,提出了基于空间光场调制的主被动量子关联成像方案。研制了超分辨抗干扰的主被动量子关联成像原理样机,并完成了超分辨、抗大气湍流以及不同光照条件下的外场实验,验证了主被动量子关联成像原理样机的全天时抗干扰成像能力,实现了超分辨的远距离成像探测。本方案为远距离遥感、极弱背景探测提供了一种有效的成像技术手段。     

帕金森大鼠模型的影像特性

利用影像技术对帕金森病（Parkinsondisease，PD）大鼠模型的脑形态与功能信息进行了系统研究。利用磁共振（Magneticresonance imaging。MRI）及磁共振血管成像（Magneticresonanceangiography，MRA）获取PD大鼠脑部形态影像资料，利用质子磁共振波谱（1H—magneticreso—nancespectroscopy，1H—MRS）及CT灌注（CTperfusion，CTP）成像获取波谱及血流变化等功能影像学资料。研究结果表明PD大鼠在形态上影像无特征性异常，在功能影像学纹状体存在局部脑血流降低和波谱变化。     

ASAR imaging for coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea

Analysis of Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and Aqua/Terra Moderate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) infrared (IR) imagery of coastal upwelling in the southeastern Baltic Sea is presented. It is found that upwelling features are well distinct in the SAR images, and the leading imaging mechanism appears to be the change of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) stratification over the sea surface temperature (SST) front. This finding is supported by model calculations of the MABL transformation supplemented with the SAR backscatter calculations based on the CMOD4 model. In addition an empirical dependence of the SAR contrasts over the upwelling region on the wind speed and the SST drop is suggested. Finally, surface slicks accumulated in the sea surface current convergence zones generate additional distinct features in SAR imagery. This effect is interpreted within the framework of the coastal current circulation model based on analysis of the SST snapshot.     

7T磁共振seipin鼠活体无损显型

因遗传突变作用引起皮下脂肪组织缺失可导致脂肪萎缩。本文利用7T小动物磁共振仪对seipin鼠进行了活体无损显型的研究。通过伪彩及加权图像融合技术对采集的seipin鼠和野生鼠图像的处理，可清楚观察到seipin组老鼠的脂肪组织明显少于野生组。同时利用自行开发的7T小动物三维可视化系统中的stroke—based分类方法可方便提取感兴趣组织。为了对两组老鼠的脂肪组织进行定量比较，利用t检验对两组老鼠总的脂肪组织、皮下脂肪及内脏脂肪占总体积的比例进行统计。统计结果表明，seipin组老鼠的脂肪组织及皮下脂肪明显少于野生组，但在本次实验中没有发现两组鼠在内脏组织中脂肪含量存在明显差异。7T小动物磁共振仪为活体研究seipin鼠的显型提供了可靠的手段。     

吸波热沉在微波雷达成像卫星真空热试验中的应用

在微波雷达成像卫星的整星真空热试验中,需采取特殊措施吸收SAR天线T/R组件发射出的大功率微波,以保护组件不被损伤。文章介绍了一种新型外热流模拟装置——吸波热沉,兼具吸波和外热流模拟2方面的功能。为验证吸波热沉在真空热试验时的有效性,设计了一套验证试验方案,试验结果表明:吸波热沉可以满足真空热试验的外热流模拟精度需求,偏差在4%以内。该装置已在某微波雷达成像卫星的真空热试验中成功应用。     

基于幅度补偿的混凝土合成孔径聚焦成像方法

合成孔径聚焦技术(Synthetic aperture focusing technique,SAFT)通过叠加邻近多道通的回波信息,可增强目标缺陷的信号特征,被广泛应用于超声无损检测领域。对于大深度混凝土结构的无损检测问题,由于超声波的衰减作用明显,传统B扫描及SAFT方法的成像效果均不理想。为提高混凝土超声成像的质量,测定了混凝土中超声波传播的相对衰减系数,引入幅度补偿技术对微弱回波信号进行幅度补偿,然后再对补偿信号进行SAFT成像处理,进一步增强了超声成像效果。人工混凝土块实验表明,本文所提方法比传统成像方法具有更高的成像分辨率,底部缺陷反射更加清晰,同时内嵌铁管及木块的实验均验证了本文方法的有效性。