未来空间技术发展展望

经过近50年的发展,我国空间技术取得了举世瞩目的成就,在新的历史时期,世界航天将跨入一个新的发展高潮,我国经济社会的发展对航天事业提出了更高的要求。文章提出了我国未来航天器发展体系,介绍了未来5年我国空间技术发展的重点任务,分析了专业技术发展方向,提出了创新发展的对策建议。     

新一代中频检前记录器设计与实现

由于中频检前信号包含丰富的信息,对于事后数据分析具有重要意义,目前,国内对中频检前记录器的需求呈上升趋势。新一代中频检前记录器不仅仅是作为实时解调器发生故障时的一种备份手段,而且成为了一种重要的数据获取手段。介绍704所研制的新一代中频检前记录器的设计思路与实现方法。     

Efficient schedulability analysis for mixed-criticality systems under deadline-based scheduling

Safety-critical avionics systems which become more complex and tend to integrate multiple functionalities with different levels of criticality for better cost and power efficiency are subject to certifications at various levels of rigorousness. In order to simultaneously guarantee temporal constraints at all different levels of assurance mandated by different criticalities, novel scheduling techniques are in need. In this paper, a mixed-criticality sporadic task model with multiple virtual deadlines is built and a certification-cognizant dynamic scheduling approach referred as earliest virtual-deadline first with mixed-criticality（EVDF-MC） is considered, which exploits different relative deadlines of tasks in different criticality modes. As for the corresponding schedulability analysis problem, a sufficient and efficient schedulability test is proposed on the basis of demand-bound functions derived in the mixed-criticality scenario. In addition, a modified simulated annealing（MSA）-based heuristic approach is established for virtual deadlines assignment. Experiments performing simulations with randomly generated tasks indicate that the proposed approach is computationally efficient and competes well against the existing approaches.     

具有通信约束的分布式SOR多智能体轨迹估计算法

针对传统多智能体轨迹估计算法信息交换量大，计算量随群规模指数增长，可扩展性差等诸多不足，提出了一种基于超松弛迭代（SOR）的分布式多智能体轨迹估计算法，通过将最大似然（ML）准则下的轨迹估计转化为两级线性优化问题，并综合利用分布式超松弛迭代（Distributed SOR）和标记初始化方法，加快求解速度并简化信息交换流程，最终实现了多智能体位姿轨迹优化和协作定位。实验表明，所提的分布式方法能达到集中式算法的精度水平，在49个智能体规模条件下，位置估计误差小于0.15 m，姿态估计误差小于0.03°，且数据交换量仅到现有主流分布式方法DDF-SAM的0.06%，能很好用于大规模集群的场景。     

Inner Attitude Integration Algorithm Based on Fault Detection for Strapdown Inertial Attitude and Heading Reference System

This article proposes a new inner attitude integration algorithm to improve attitude accuracy of the strapdown inertial attitude and heading reference system(SIAHRS), which, by means of a Kalman filter, integrates the calculated attitude from the accelerometers in inertial measuring unit(IMU), called damping attitudes, with those from the conventional IMU. As vehicle's acceleration could produce damping attitude errors, the horizontal outputs from accelerometers are firstly used to judge the vehicle's motion so as to determine whether the damping attitudes could be reasonably applied. This article also analyzes the limitation of this approach. Furthermore, it suggests a residual chi-square test to judge the validity of damping attitude measurement in real time, and accordingly puts forward proper information fusion strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved through the experiments on a real system in dynamic and static states.     

舰载机CRM培训体系研究

针对人为因素对航空安全的影响,介绍了目前世界各航空大国广泛开展的机组资源管理（CRM）的涵义,探究了CRM训练在军用航空中的发展与应用,提出了构建舰载机CRM培训体系的设想,为国产舰载机的安全飞行提供了一定的参考。     

Parallel Distributed CFAR Detection Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm with Interval Encoding

Aiming at parallel distributed constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection employing K/N fusion rule, an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm with interval encoding is proposed. N-1 local probabilities of false alarm are selected as optimization variables. And the encoding intervals for local false alarm probabilities are sequentially designed by the person-by-person optimization technique according to the constraints. By turning constrained optimization to unconstrained optimization, the problem of increasing iteration times due to the punishment technique frequently adopted in the genetic algorithm is thus overcome. Then this optimization scheme is applied to spacebased synthetic aperture radar (SAR) multi-angle collaborative detection, in which the nominal factor for each local detector is determined. The scheme is verified with simulations of cases including two, three and four independent SAR systems. Besides, detection performances with varying K and N are compared and analyzed.     

高速飞行器非视距短波通信的可行性验证飞行试验

当高速飞行器处于失稳失控等紧急情况时，现有航天器测控方法可能面临地面站天线无法及时跟踪和对准飞行器的问题，这将导致测控通信链路的中断，无法传输紧急的安控遥控指令。为了在飞行器失稳失控、非视距通信时与地面站维持通信，提出将短波通信应用于高速飞行器测控通信系统的应急通信，并进行非视距短波通信的飞行试验以验证方法的可行性。在试验中，地面站发射7 MHz的短波信号，高速飞行器内部安装的交流磁场计用于接收短波信号，获得了短波的磁场强度与飞行环境的本底噪声。试验结果表明，随着飞行器海拔的增加，磁场强度减小，高速飞行器始终能在非视距和天线不对准的情况下接收到短波信号，证实了短波应用于高速飞行器应急通信的可行性。试验是进一步验证高速飞行器在远距离、超视距以及拒止环境下应急通信的技术基础，同时，也为高速飞行器短波通信系统的研制提供重要的数据支撑。     

面向预定维修次序的人力资源分配优化研究

大型装备维修作业安排是一项复杂的系统性工作，维修项目之间存在着复杂的维修次序约束。在维修人员有限，且能力存在差异的情况下，不同的人力资源分配方案将直接影响维修任务的完成时间。本文给出了一种面向预定维修次序的人力资源分配优化模型，以维修人员数量和能力差异为约束，完成维修任务为目标，计算最优化维修人力资源分配方案，缩短维修工作时间，降低装备系统停工损失。     

《电子商务网站建设与管理》课程理实一体教学法初探

提出理实一体教学改革的具体思路，探讨“项目引导，任务驱动，综合测评”在课程教学改革中的具体实施方法。