Thick galactic cosmic radiation shielding using atmospheric data

NASA is concerned with protecting astronauts from the effects of galactic cosmic radiation and has expended substantial effort in the development of computer models to predict the shielding obtained from various materials. However, these models were only developed for shields up to about 120 g/cm² in mass thickness and have predicted that shields of this mass thickness are insufficient to provide adequate protection for extended deep space flights. Consequently, effort is underway to extend the range of these models to thicker shields and experimental data is required to help confirm the resulting code. In this paper empirically obtained effective dose measurements from aircraft flights in the atmosphere are used to obtain the radiation shielding function of the Earth's atmosphere, a very thick, i.e. high mass, shield. Obtaining this result required solving an inverse problem and the method for solving it is presented. The results are shown to be in agreement with current code in the ranges where they overlap. These results are then checked and used to predict the radiation dosage under thick shields such as planetary regolith and the atmosphere of Venus.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

地月循环轨道动力学建模与计算研究

根据地月循环轨道的概念,按照生成第二类周期轨道的弧段进行分类,并讨论了其共振性与对称性在轨道设计与应用中的作用。然后归纳了三种循环轨道的动力学建模与计算方法及其轨道延拓策略,最后总结了三种方法的利弊和应用轨道类型。对地月系统循环轨道的研究和分析,能够为我国未来载人登月工程提供一种新的思路与理论支持。     

A two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm for GNSS kinematic precise point positioning

In kinematic navigation and positioning, abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances are one of the key factors affecting the stability and reliability of positioning performance. Generally, robust adaptive filtering algorithm is used to reduce the influence of them on positioning results. However, it is difficult to accurately identify and separate the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on positioning results, especially in the application of kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP). This has always been a key factor limiting the performance of conventional robust adaptive filtering algorithms. To address this problem, this paper proposes a two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm, which includes two filtering steps: without considering the kinematic model information, the first step of filtering only detects the abnormal observations. Based on the filtering results of the first step, the second step makes further detection on the kinematic model disturbances and conducts adaptive processing. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that the two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm can further enhance the robustness of the filtering against the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on the positioning results. Ultimately, improvement of the stability and reliability of kinematic PPP is significant.     

刚弹耦合动力学初值问题拟变分原理及其应用

刚弹耦合动力学在国防和民用经济建设中有着广阔的应用前景,但目前还没有完全成熟的理论研究成果。鉴于此,针对刚弹耦合特性,建立初值问题拟变分原理;应用变分方法,推导拟变分原理的拟驻值条件,即得到刚弹耦合动力学的控制方程;给出刚弹耦合动力学初值问题拟变分原理应用的2个算例,1个是应用控制方程求得自由梁的奇数阶振型的解析解,1个是应用变分直接方法 Ritz方法求得自由梁的偶数阶振型的解析解。研究表明,刚弹耦合动力学初值问题拟变分原理为建立有限元计算模型提供了依据。     

地面等待策略中的时隙分配模型与算法研究

 机场拥塞是制约民航运输的瓶颈所在,地面等待策略(GHP)是解决机场拥塞的有效方法,其核心就是时隙分配问题。为适应我国空中交通持续发展需要,实现科学时隙分配的要求,对GHP已有的研究进行分析和归纳,重点论述了时隙分配的概念、属性、模型和算法,在此基础上总结了时隙分配的关键问题,即随机容量的影响、均衡模型的建立以及模型求解算法的研究。最后指出了时隙分配问题未来的研究方向。     

解析计算在月球中继卫星Halo轨道设计中的应用

面向月球中继卫星工程轨道设计需求,研究解析计算方法在地月系L2点halo轨道设计中的应用问题。在讨论圆型限制性三体问题三阶解析近似计算方法的基础上,分析了解析计算与数值计算的差异,给出了解析近似计算在工程约束下的适用范围,进而提出了基于解析计算的轨道设计和特征筛选方法。分别采用解析初值和数值初值进行halo轨道外推,比对验证采用解析计算设计轨道的可行性。研究结果表明,解析计算方法适用于月球中继卫星轨道的初步设计、特征分析和构型筛选。     

基于QSS的自适应多步校正算法及其在柔性航天器动力学中的应用

量化状态系统（QSS）算法是一种基于状态变量离散化的数值积分方法,该方法与基于时间离散的传统方法显著不同,QSS通过计算状态变量每次跃迁所需的时间来推进下一步的积分。在求解非刚性常微分方程时,QSS算法比传统算法更具优势,但它不适合求解刚性问题。为此提出一种基于QSS的自适应多步校正算法（AMCQSS）,该算法以QSS为基础、结合隐式多步法思想,在计算过程中可以自适应选择二步法或三步法,以有效提高求解刚性问题的精度和效率。通过对柔性航天器动力学的仿真求解,验证了算法的可行性。将该算法与ODE23tb、ODE15s、ODE45以及QSS等算法进行对比,结果表明AMCQSS算法既能保证求解的效率及精度,又具有较好的收敛性和稳定性。     

Libration point orbits for lunar global positioning systems

With the development of lunar exploration, a lunar global positioning system (LGPS) is demanded for both on-ground and in-flight lunar exploration missions. The traditional configuration of constellation requires at least eighteen satellites to cover the whole lunar surface continuously. In this paper, the configurations of the libration point orbits (LPOs) constellations are investigated. By using the constellations on the Earth–Moon _L1$L_1$ and _L2$L_2$ LPOs, the basic functions of the LGPS can be realized by using eight to fourteen satellites. First, the LPO and the combinations of LPOs, which can be used in the constellations of the LGPS, are investigated. The criteria and procedures of the configuration design are introduced. Second, the configurations of LPOs constellations are investigated in the Earth–Moon circular-restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). The size of the LPOs and the distribution of the satellites on these LPOs are determined by using an exhaustive algorithm and a global optimization method, respectively. The key performance parameters of these constellations are computed. Third, the constellations with good performance in the CR3BP are redesigned in the more accurate Earth–Moon based Sun-perturbed bicircular four-body problem (B4BP). Moreover, in order to avoid the ground coverage problem caused by the perturbation of the Sun, some modifications are implemented, and the configuration of the no blind area LGPS in the B4BP is obtained.