动力涡轮转子结构系统力学特性稳健设计方法

航空涡轴/涡桨发动机动力涡轮转子是典型多支点支承、具有连接界面、质量/刚度分布不均匀的高速柔性转子系统,其连接结构力学特性和支承刚度的分散性可导致转子系统动力特性恶化。针对典型动力涡轮转子结构系统,指出不可恢复滑移、疲劳、摩擦等连接界面接触损伤是连接结构力学特性产生分散性的内在原因,提出了接触状态系数、接触应力、不可恢复变形能和接触摩擦功等工程适用的定量评估参数。通过对多支点柔性转子-支承系统临界转速分布及其对各支点支承刚度敏感度的影响规律分析,提出了基于支承刚度低敏感区择优的动力特性稳健设计方法,所提方法提高了转子结构系统的稳健性。      

固体火箭发动机界面脱粘裂纹分析

使用有限元法,在裂纹尖端周围布置有限奇异裂纹单元以模拟裂纹尖端附近的奇异性。针对轴对称发动机头部的界面脱粘裂纹,计算了点火内压作用下,发动机衬层/药柱、壳体/绝热层界面不同深度脱粘裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,指出应力强度因子随裂纹深度的发展规律。结果表明,当裂纹深度较小时,衬层/药柱界面处于闭合状态,应力强度因子几乎不发生变化,随着裂纹深度的增加,裂纹呈张开状态,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子不断增大;壳体/绝热层界面裂纹总是处于张开状态,且应力强度因子随裂纹深度的增加而增大。     

航天测控系统自主运行的关键技术

航天事业发展趋势和未来需求指明,航天测控系统应该向以自主运行能力为代表特征的智能化方向发展。基于此,提出了标准化的支持与服务、映射现实的体系架构、实时响应的运行模式、服务化的基础平台等4项关键技术。通过将测控系统和卫星系统之间的接口、测控系统和用户系统之间的接口标准化,从而在此基础上建立最优化的操作逻辑。通过在计算机中映射现实系统的思想方法,从而产生稳定性和灵活性兼备的、支持自主运行的,并具有良好进化性能的系统架构。通过实时响应的运行模式可以很好满足全时段和突发性等具有挑战性的测控服务需求。通过大数据和云计算技术构建基础计算服务平台实现基础层与业务层分离,有利于整个系统的持续改进,提高服务质量改善的速度,建立竞争力优势。由此说明,在当前技术条件下实现自主运行的航天测控系统是可行的。     

Effect of interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinfroced ceramic-matrix composites

An analytical methodology was developed to investigate the effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinforced CMCs(ceramic-matrix composites). The Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans shear-lag model was adopted to analyse the micro-stress field of the damaged composites. The critical matrix strain energy criterion, which presupposes the existence of an ultimate or critical matrix strain energy with matrix, was obtained to simulate the matrix multicracking evolution of CMCs. With the increase of the applied stress, the matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occurred to dissipate the additional energy entered into the composites. The fiber/matrix interface debonded length under matrix multicracking evolution was obtained by treating the interface debonding as a particular crack propagation problem. The conditions for no-debonding and debonding during the evolution of matrix multicracking were discussed in terms of two interfacial properties, i.e., the interface shear stress and interface debonded toughness. When the fiber/matrix interface was bonded, the matrix multicracking evolution was much more intense compared with the interface debonding; when the fiber/matrix interface was debonded, the matrix crack density increased with the increasing of interface shear stress and interface debonded energy. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data of unidirectional SiC/CAS(calcium alumina silicate), SiC/CAS-Ⅱ and SiC/borosilicate composites.      

Review and propositions for the sliding/impact wear behavior in a contact interface

A thermal-solid-liquid complex operational environment induces structural interface developing a typical coupling sliding/impact wear behavior. It results in contact damage until systems fail, which may cause significant economic losses and catastrophic consequences. The key point of solving this problem is to reveal the coupling damage mechanism of the sliding/impact behavior in typical systems and life characterization under a complicate evolving environment. This has been a hot topic in the area of mechanical reliability. The main work in this paper can be concluded as follows. Firstly, the main industries in which the “sliding/impact behavior” takes place have been introduced. Then, existing studies on the wear mechanism and degree analysis are presented, which includes surface morphology analysis, wear debris analysis, and wear degree measurement. Meanwhile, existing problems in theoretical modeling and experiments in current research are summarized, so as to point out a bright direction for future research on wear prediction. They include interface contact modeling, mathematic coupling mechanism modeling, wear equation establishment, and wear life characterization, which can provide some new ideas for improving the existing studies on the sliding/impact wear behavior.     

二维多介质流动问题的界面处理方法

就二维可压缩多介质流动问题的数值模拟,给出了一种新的界面处理方法。通过在界面处构造Riemann问题,利用Riemann问题的解分别定义界面两边流体的边界条件,由于Riemann问题的解准确地描述了界面处流体的流动状态,因此得到了更加准确的界面边界条件。本文将由Riemann问题的解得到的界面速度外推到整个流场,重新定义速度场,避免了由于速度的大梯度变化而导致的Level—Set等值线相互交错,因而得到了更加精确的界面位置。利用该方法对水下激波与柱型气泡相互作用问题进行数值模拟,结果表明该方法能准确地捕捉各种物理现象。     

再入式光纤陀螺实用化技术研究

再入式光纤陀螺（Re—FOG）使相互干涉的两路光循环进入光纤环，通过缩短光纤长度克服温度和应力引起的误差。本文研究了再入武光纤陀螺实用化的相关技术；提出了一种采用脉冲相位调制的信号检测方法；设计了专门的数据通讯模块。实验结果表明：所提出的信号检测方法可分离出所需循环次数的信号并解算出陀螺转速；所设计的通讯模块能保证实现陀螺与导航计算机之间的快速、稳定、准确的数据传送。再入式光纤陀螺可成为实用化的新型光纤陀螺。     

CPL蒸发器多孔芯内传热传质的非稳态数值模拟

基于多孔芯内局部热力学平衡的假设，考虑了Brinkman和Forchheimer对Darcy定律的修正模型，针对简化的物理模型中所包含的气液相区域，建立了二维分层饱和多孔介质模型，以甲醇为工质对CPL，蒸发器毛细多孔芯内的传热传质过程进行非稳态数值模拟。在不同的热负荷条件下预测气液分层界面的形状和位置、系统由初态达到稳态过程的持续时间，讨论压力和温度的分布。由两层饱和模型所得到的计算结果可知．CPL系统在启动时，为避免高热流时液体脱离多孔区而发生干涸，宜采用小负荷启动；采用预热器，改善蒸气的出口条件；增加蒸发器入口处的工质的过冷度，有利于增加CPL系统启动过程和变工况时的稳定性。文中分析结论为CPL系统的优化设计提供参考。     

基于视觉注意力分配的飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局优化

以优化飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局设计为目的,提出了一种基于飞行员视觉注意力分配的布局优化模型。首先分析了计算机辅助三维交互应用软件(Computer aided three-dimensional interactive application,CATIA)中的可视域分析模块,给出不同视野区域的可视性等级,并对驾驶舱人机界面所在的视野范围进行栅格化处理;然后用G1法分析人机界面上各个设备的重要程度,并给予定量赋值;最后建立以飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局的视觉注意分配达到最优为目标函数的优化模型,并引入带有惯性权重的粒子群算法进行模型的求解。利用飞机模拟驾驶舱的人机界面布局为例,进行模型验证,结果表明该模型具有一定的可行性。     

裂解温度对先驱体转化制备2D-Cf／SiC材料结构与性能的影响

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)、二乙烯基苯(DVB)和SiC微粉为原料制备了2D-Cf/SiC材料,考察了首次裂解温度对材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明,首次裂解温度的提高有助于弱化界面结合,形成良好的界面结构,从而提高材料的力学性能.当裂解温度从1000℃提高到1600℃时,材料的弯曲强度由200.7MPa提高到319.2MPa,剪切强度由16.8MPa提高到29.8MPa,断裂韧度由7.4 MPa·m1/2提高到15.0 MPa·m1/2.