基于模糊逻辑的组合导引律

攻击大机动目标的组合导引律由比例项和前置角项组成,可以得到平直的末段弹道,但通常不能保持在大范围攻击情形下均有效。本文在组合导引律的基础上,设计一种新颖的模糊逻辑控制器,采用视线变化率和前置角偏差为输入变量,通过规则库嵌入专家经验,实现智能改变组合导引律中的系数。通过仿真验证,相对于组合导引律,此方法在大范围攻击情形下弹道更平直,脱靶量更小。     

一种新的闭路制导导引方法

闭路制导方法是一种实用的方法误差比较小的制导方法。其中,如何将实际速度导引到需要速度至关重要,通常的闭路制导导引方法在关机点附近不稳定,会产生一定的方法误差。为了避免这种导引不稳定的影响,本文给出了一种采用目标瞬时方位角为基准的新型闭路制导导引方法。通过仿真计算,证明该方法关机点附近导引稳定,导引引起的方法误差较小。     

固推约束下的火星表面起飞上升制导律设计

针对受固推约束的火星上升器(MAV)起飞上升问题,设计了上升段、无动力滑行段、入轨段三段式火星表面起飞上升全过程制导策略。首先,根据实际任务需求进行了上升器标称轨迹优化。其次,在上升段引入了阿波罗制导方法,通过类攻角和类侧滑角的控制实现对标称轨迹的跟踪。为减少上升段末端偏差对无动力滑行段与标称轨迹间误差的影响,提出了一种通过调整倾侧角改变上升器所受气动力进而控制飞行轨迹的技术路线,并设计了相应的滑模制导律。另外,兼顾固推发动机的能量管理需求,针对入轨段设计了Lambert制导策略,并参考标称控制量对其进行修正,使得上升器能够在控制能力有限的情况下完成较高精度的入轨。最后,通过典型场景火星表面起飞上升全过程数值仿真验证了所设计策略的有效性和鲁棒性。     

多弹最优协同诱导突防制导律

针对多弹协同突防问题提出了一种最优协同诱导突防制导律,基于诱导碰撞策略实现有效突防。首先构建了多弹协同对抗非线性模型,并基于零控脱靶量和零控碰撞角进行线性化。然后考虑拦截弹和进攻弹均为二阶驾驶仪动力学特性条件下,将各拦截弹碰撞距离和拦截弹碰撞角扩展到状态方程中,并利用状态转移矩阵降低状态方程维度。在此基础上,设计包含碰撞角约束的快收敛扩展性能指标函数,采用碰撞时间匹配策略推导出多弹最优协同诱导解析制导律的一般形式,并给出2枚进攻弹对2枚拦截弹典型场景下的突防制导律。最后通过典型场景仿真验证了最优协同诱导突防制导律的有效性。     

STUDY OF OPTIMAL SLIDING-MODE GUIDANCE LAW

An optimal guidance law based on missile-target line-of-sight (LOS) angular rate is presented for intercepting a nonmaneuvering target. It is then integrated with sliding-mode control theory by using reaching-law of sliding-mode, in order to derive an optimal sliding-mode guidance law for intercepting a maneuvering target. The new guidance method's robustness against target maneuvers and good miss distance performance are proved by the second method of Lyapunov and simulation results. The presented guidance law is simple to implement in practical applications.     

新的寻的导弹半实物仿真系统小样本实验方法

针对自寻的制导导弹半实物仿真系统仿真实验造价昂贵的现实,对小样本实验进行了研究,提出了一种新的基于目标机动对命中误差灵敏度和机动分布函数的小样本实验和估算方法.文中描述了目标机动对命中误差灵敏度的拟合正交函数系及其一致收敛性,并用测度理论证明了小样本方法估算期望和方差的逼近的一致收敛性质.文中的理论证明为该小样本实验方法提供了理论依据.通过对半实物仿真系统的大样本和小样本对比实验,证明该方法的统计结果与大样本统计结果非常接近.该方法是一个适应于各种可控变参系统和自寻的制导武器半实物仿真系统小样本实验的崭新方法.     

制导火箭弹大着角所需脉冲发动机数量的确定

推导出制导火箭弹为获得期望着角所需的脉冲发动机数量解析公式,并根据此公式对比研究了火箭弹分别采用同时点火和依次点火时俯仰角初始值、期望着角和脉冲发动机推力对脉冲发动机数量的影响。研究表明,同时点火方式优于依次点火方式;飞行末段姿态调整时间较长时,期望着角和初始俯仰角对发动机数量的影响很小;随着脉冲推力的增加,所需的脉冲发动机数量递减。     

基于合作目标和视觉的无人飞行器全天候自动着陆导引关键技术

 GPS受他国控制和易受干扰对基于该导航系统的无人飞行器导航和着陆具有潜在危险,为了使其安全自动着陆,提出通过在着陆跑道(广场或公路)上预设具有受控发射红外光的地面合作目标,实现无人飞行器的视觉全天候自动精确着陆新技术。首先研究得到切实可行的工作过程;然后研制了合作目标,通过理论分析和实验得出,无论能见度高低,8~12 μm中远红外视觉系统探测到的合作目标图像质量远优于可见光视觉系统,研究得到合作目标和背景的温差在170~200 ℃时,成像效果最好。在识别研究中发现,基于传统的不变矩算法对合作目标的识别可靠性稍差,为了进一步准确地识别合作目标,又提出了基于方向链码的合作目标识别算法,该方法的耗时为不变距的96%,但是识别的可靠性比前者有显著提高。     

Optimal guidance and collision avoidance for docking with the rotating target spacecraft

The guidance and control strategy for spacecraft rendezvous and docking are of vital importance, especially for a chaser spacecraft docking with a rotating target spacecraft. Approach guidance for docking maneuver in planar is studied in this paper. Approach maneuver includes two processes: optimal energy approach and the following flying-around approach. Flying-around approach method is presented to maintain a fixed relative distance and attitude for chaser spacecraft docking with target spacecraft. Due to the disadvantage of energy consumption and initial velocity condition, optimal energy guidance is presented and can be used for providing an initial state of flying-around approach process. The analytical expression of optimal energy guidance is obtained based on the Pontryagin minimum principle which can be used in real time. A couple of solar panels on the target spacecraft are considered as obstacles during proximity maneuvers, so secure docking region is discussed. A two-phase optimal guidance method is adopted for collision avoidance with solar panels. Simulation demonstrates that the closed-loop optimal energy guidance satisfies the ending docking constraints, avoids collision with time-varying rotating target, and provides the initial velocity conditions of flying-around approach maneuver. Flying-around approach maneuver can maintain fixed relative position and attitude for docking.     

Impact time control using biased proportional navigation for missiles with varying velocity

A feasible guidance scheme with impact time constraint is proposed for attacking a stationary target by missiles with time-varying velocity. The main idea is to replace the constant velocity with the future mean velocity; therefore, the existing time-to-go estimation algorithm of the proportional navigation guidance law can be improved to adapt to varying conditions. In order to obtain the prediction of the velocity profile, the velocity differential equation to the downrange is derived, which can be numerically integrated between the current downrange and the target position by the on-board computer. Then, a third-order polynomial is introduced to fit the velocity profile in order to calculate the future mean velocity. At the beginning of each guidance loop, the future mean velocity is predicted and the time-to-go information is updated, based on which a novel biased proportional navigation guidance law is established to achieve the impact time constraint. Finally, numerical simulation results verified the effectiveness of the time-to-go estimation algorithm and the proposed law.