角接触球轴承生热预测方法与灵敏度分析

通过拉丁超立方实验设计法获取角接触球轴承NSK-7015C的结构参数样本数据,采用Newton-Raphson法求解轴承变形几何协调方程、滚动体平衡方程和内圈平衡方程所构成的非线性方程组。应用Kriging和Monte Carlo相结合的方法(AK-MCS)构建样本数据与轴承生热的函数关系,在此基础之上使用全局灵敏度计算方法计算轴承结构参数对轴承生热的影响。研究结果表明:在相同轴承结构参数下,采用AK-MCS法预测的轴承生热与轴承拟静力学分析模型求得的结果差值均小于0.003 W,说明AK-MCS算法的预测结果具有较高的准确性;轴承生热对轴承滚动体直径变化反应最灵敏,轴承内、外圈沟道直径影响次之,轴承内、外圈沟道曲率半径影响最小,该研究能够为轴承结构参数的设计优化和加工精度的选择提供理论依据。      

基于OH-PLIF技术的环形燃烧室预混火焰结构实验

针对微型燃气轮机环形燃烧室中的燃烧特性,利用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术,对环形燃烧室内甲烷/空气预混湍流多束火焰燃烧开展实验研究,得到OH自由基物质的量浓度分布,并研究雷诺数和当量比对火焰结构特征参数的影响。结果表明:OH自由基浓度分布呈现环形结构,并有火焰托举和分叉现象,OH-PLIF瞬时和平均图像揭示了火焰具有湍流和层流预混结构共同特征。火焰结构特征参数的定量分析表明,雷诺数升高,拉伸火焰预混锥形结构,促进射流之间相互作用;康达效应使内焰向内壁面弯曲,火焰张角增大;适当调节预混火焰的当量比,有利于火焰结构的稳定。      

火箭发动机出口参数对喷焰流动及辐射的影响

基于详细化学反应机理+逐线积分法+视在光线法开展了火箭发动机喷焰流动与辐射特性研究,分析了不同化学反应机理对流动与辐射的影响,利用地面试验数据校验了模型的正确性,并详细分析了火箭发动机出口参数变化对喷焰流动及辐射的影响规律。研究结果表明:喷管出口温度增加,对流场结构影响较小,但会显著提升喷焰的复燃效应;喷管出口压强增加,会对流场马赫波系结构产生影响,但对喷焰二次燃烧影响较小;喷焰红外辐射强度会随着出口温度或出口压强的升高而增加,且红外辐射强度与出口推力正相关。      

牵引发电机汇流环绝缘结构优化研究

针对牵引发电机汇流环产品标准化和通用化设计,列举了5种型号的交流传动内燃机车配套汇流环绝缘结构,提出了汇流环绝缘结构优化的设计方案。检测、试验和有限元分析结果表明,优化结构满足额定电压低于1 346 V的牵引发电机使用要求。这为以后设计不同要求的汇流环绝缘结构提供了参考依据。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Effect of drag reducing riblet surface on coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer

The characteristics of turbulent boundary layer over streamwise aligned drag reducing riblet surface under zero-pressure gradient are investigated using particle image velocimetry. The formation and distribution of large-scale coherent structures and their effect on momentum partition are analyzed using two-point correlation and probability density function. Compared with smooth surface, the streamwise riblets reduce the friction velocity and Reynolds stress in the turbulent boundary layer, indicating the drag reduction effect. Strong correlation has been found between the occurrence of hairpin vortices and the momentum distribution. The number and streamwise length scale of hairpin vortices decrease over streamwise riblet surface. The correlation between number of uniform momentum zones and Reynolds number remains the same as smooth surface.     

局部/组合抽吸对压气机叶栅分离流动控制的机理研究

为了研究不同抽吸形式对压气机内部分离流动的控制效果和机理,基于数值模拟方法,对内部同时存在角区分离和附面层分离的直列叶栅进行抽吸计算,共设置8套不同的方案进行了详细的探究。结果表明:对于控制分离的效果和机理,不同抽吸形式之间存在着一定差异;在分离发展的不同阶段,实施抽吸对其控制效果也有所不同。近端壁吸力面抽吸方案SS3同时减小了角区分离和近端壁处的尾缘附面层分离,尾部近吸力面沿展向静压分布为正"C"型,使角区内的低能流体向叶中流动,角区流动得到改善,但导致叶展中部流场的恶化;端壁抽吸和全叶高组合抽吸则使尾部近吸力面静压沿展向分布更均匀,低能流体的迁移现象减弱。基于以上结果可得:组合抽吸可以更有效地控制叶栅内部流动分离,降低损失,提高叶栅流通能力。     

无轴向通流对转轴间的流动与传热特性

为研究航空发动机对转轴间的流动与换热,建立了无轴向通流的对转环腔湍流边界层的修正卡门三层结构速度分布模型。基于该速度分布模型并依据动量传递与热量传递的比拟理论,推导了外轴内壁面换热努塞尔数的表达式及准则关系式。与CFD数值计算的速度分布、外轴内壁面换热努塞尔数进行对比验证,结果表明,对转环腔湍流边界层的修正卡门三层结构模型给出了一致的速度分布和换热规律。理论与CFD计算得到的外轴内壁面换热努赛尔数在低旋转雷诺数下符合较好,高旋转雷诺数下偏离不超过20%。     

HTPB复合底排药损伤本构模型研究

为研究HTPB复合底排药(Composite Base Bleed Grain,CBBG)力学性能,进行了室温(28℃)下准静态单轴压缩和拉伸实验。基于对HTPB CBBG有限变形过程的非线性力学响应分析,建立了五元件黏弹-黏塑-损伤本构模型。模型预测结果表明,所建模型能够准确描述HTPB CBBG压缩和拉伸力学性能。获得的损伤演化律表明,达到屈服应变εy后,累积损伤值D和损伤因子f随应变ε近似线性增长,应变率ε?降低4个量级,压应变为-0.62时、拉应变为0.24时的损伤程度分别增加了10.64倍和22.28倍,拉应力引起的材料损伤较压应力严重。结合所建模型编写了用户子程序VUMAT,利用ABAQUS/Explicit模拟了单轴拉伸实验。计算结果表明,应力应变曲线数值解与实验结果吻合良好,验证了VUMAT的正确性。     

三维编织石英纤维热密封材料气密性能研究

引入三维编织石英纤维织物作为热密封材料,对三维四向、三维五向编织结构热密封材料试样进行了不同压缩率下透气性能试验。分析了三维编织结构热密封材料气体渗透量随压缩率、压差及编织工艺参数的变化规律。结果表明,通过优化编织结构,有利于提高试样的气密性能;试样的平均气体渗透量受纤维体积含量影响,随压缩率的增大而降低;在压缩率为10%与20%时,纤维体积含量为50%的三维四向试样相比气密性能更好,平均气体渗透量分别为1.14×10~(-6)、9.29×10~(-7)kg/(s·mm);当压缩率增加到30%时,试样出现明显剪切变形和碎裂,试样失效。通过合理设计,三维编织石英纤维织物可满足密封材料气密性能要求。