Galileo卫星导航系统广播Nequick模型及其参数拟合

提出了基于IGRF模型的Galileo广播Nequick模型及其参数拟合算法, 解决了Galileo信号仿真中地理场景映射与地磁坐标下的电离层延时修正参数拟合问题. 应用IGRF模型, 可计算出任意给定位置和时间点的地磁参数以及E层、 F₁层、F₂层的电子密度, 从而计算出Galileo电离层修正参数. 仿真结果表明, 该算法拟合的全球电离层延时与IGS提供的实际观测值基本一致, 仿真精度高于一般的经验电离层模型, 实现了Galileo卫星信号的电离层延时修正参数的精确仿真.      

Day-to-day variability of equatorial anomaly in GPS-TEC during low solar activity period

The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in the northern hemispheric equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region is investigated by using dual-frequency signals of the Global Positioning System (GPS) acquired from Rajkot (Geog. Lat. 22.29°N, Geog. Long. 70.74°E; Geom. Lat. 14.21°N, Geom. Long. 144.90°E), India. The day-to-day variability of EIA characteristics is examined during low solar activity period (F10.7∼83 sfu). It is found that the daily maximum TEC at EIA crest exhibits a day-to-day and strong semi-annual variability. The seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC at EIA is found non-existent and weaker, respectively. We found a moderate and positive correlation of daily magnitude of crest, Ic with daily F10.7 and EUV fluxes with a correlation coefficient of 0.43 and 0.33, respectively indicating an existence of a short-term relation between TEC at EIA and the solar radiation even during low solar activity period. The correlation of daily Ic with Dst index is also moderate (r = −0.35), whereas no correlation is found with the daily Kp index (r = 0.14) respectively. We found that the magnitude of EIA crest is moderately correlated with solar flux in all seasons except winter where it is weakly related (0.27). The magnitude of EIA crest is also found highly related with EEJ strength in spring (r = 0.69) and summer (r = 0.65) than autumn (0.5) and winter (r = 0.47), though EEJ is stronger in autumn than spring.     

The South Pole-Aitken basin region,Moon: GIS-based geologic investigation using Kaguya elemental information

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we performed comparative analysis among stratigraphic information and the Kaguya (SELENE) GRS data of the ∼2500-km-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin and its surroundings. Results indicate that the surface rock materials (including ancient crater materials, mare basalts, and possible SPA impact melt) are average to slightly elevated in K and Th with respect to the rest of the Moon. Also, this study demonstrates that K and Th have not significantly changed since the formation of SPA. The elemental signatures of the impact basin of Fe, Ti, Si, O through time include evidence for resurfacing by ejecta materials and late-stage volcanism. The oldest surfaces of SPA are found to be oxygen-depleted during the heavy bombardment period relative to later stages of geologic development, followed by both an increase in silicon and oxygen, possibly due to ejecta sourced from outside of SPA, and subsequent modification due to mare basaltic volcanism, which increased iron and titanium within SPA. The influence of the distinct geologic history of SPA and surroundings on the mineralogic and elemental abundances is evident as shown in our investigation.     

太阳同步轨道卫星光学特性

为了分析太阳同步轨道卫星的光学特性,对FY-1卫星的可见光和红外波段光学信号进行了仿真计算和模拟试验验证.通过对外部辐射及内部热源的分析,计算了卫星的温度场,采用随机起伏表面算法模拟表面覆盖材料外表面,通过阴影遮挡判断及双向反射分布函数(BRDF, Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function)模型计算卫星对外部辐射的反射特性,编程计算得到在可见光0.4~1.0μm和红外8~14 μm,14~16 μm波段下卫星的光学特性.结果表明红外辐射亮度与表面温度相关,8~14 μm最大约90 W/(m²·sr)、14~16 μm最大约20 W/(m²·sr).空间可见光辐射强度具有明显的镜面反射效应,卫星主体峰值2 200 W/sr.通过地面模拟测量空间目标的温度和红外辐射验证了温度及红外辐射仿真计算模型,可见光辐射强度仿真计算结果与地面模型卫星测量结果误差在20%以内.     

时域有限差分法连接边界电磁泄漏

用时域有限差分法计算目标的雷达散射截面时,一般用连接边界来引入平面入射波.理想情况下,当总场区没有散射目标时,该区域仅有入射波,散射场区电磁波为0.但在实际计算过程中,散射场区的电磁波一般不会严格等于0,这是因为在连接边界引入入射波时产生了电磁泄漏.一维情形下,用散射场区电场的平方和来衡量电磁泄漏程度.二维情形下,用等效原理将散射场区的电磁场进行远场外推,得到雷达散射截面,以此衡量电磁泄漏的大小.研究表明:时间步长、入射角度都能影响电磁泄漏大小.为使电磁泄漏较小,时间步长应接近于稳定性要求的最小步长,入射方向应避免垂直于计算区域边界.     

“嫦娥二号”卫星L2点角动量管理

对“嫦娥二号”(CE-2)卫星进入环绕日地拉格朗日L2点的李萨如轨道后卫星喷气卸载所产生的影响进行了研究.提出了一种利用光压力矩辅助卫星太阳电池翼角度调整进行角动量管理的方法.在轨试验表明,太阳光压强度足够对飞行在L2点环绕轨道上的CE-2卫星进行角动量管理,可以大幅度减少动量轮在轨喷气卸载的次数,有利于CE-2卫星的轨道维持.     

单轴台的大角度姿态快速机动联合控制方法

为验证小卫星大角度姿态快速机动与高精度稳定控制能力,基于单轴气浮台硬件仿真环境,提出了一种利用推力器与飞轮组合的联合控制策略.采用相平面控制技术与有限时间控制理论设计控制器,利用推力器实现无超调的快速机动控制,利用飞轮实现有限时间内的高精度稳定控制,使单轴台在有限时间内快速高精度稳定于目标姿态.物理仿真结果表明:该方法在有限时间内完成单轴台快速稳定控制的同时,可有效避免机动过程中的超调现象,且能有效规避推力器的频繁开关与飞轮的过快饱和等问题.     

直接敏感地平的空天飞行器惯性/天文组合方法

传统的惯性/天文位置组合导航系统中,由于天文定位观测输出耦合了水平观测平台基准误差,往往存在系统噪声与量测噪声不完全独立的问题.针对此问题,分析了利用天文观测量修正惯性系下陀螺漂移的原理,提出了一种直接敏感地平进行天文解析定位及组合滤波的空天飞行器自主导航定位方案,并建立了相应的组合滤波模型.所提出的方法采用星敏感器和陀螺仪构造惯性基准,并在此基础上进行基于红外地平仪的天文定位解算,最后进行惯性/天文组合定位.该方案充分利用了星光敏感器在惯性系下姿态测量精度高的优点,并使惯性/天文组合定位滤波中状态噪声和观测噪声完全独立,仿真结果验证了该定位方法的有效性.     

基于ATML标准的卫星控制系统通用化测试平台

针对卫星控制系统测试通用化需求,提出了基于ATS（automated test system）结构及ATML（automatic test markup language）标准的测试平台实现方案.将通用测试平台分为通用测试站、测试适配器、综合开发及运行环境三部分.通过ATML标准及面向信号的系统描述方式,使得测试需求和测试能力解耦.根据通用测试平台提供的测试能力,按照不同卫星的测试需求对其进行配置,能够实现测试平台的通用化.     

航天器控制系统高可信度地面测试技术

随着航天器复杂程度和指标要求的不断提高,高可信系统级地面测试越来越凸显其重要性.以工程应用为出发点,对航天器控制系统高可信地面测试涉及的相关理论和技术进行探讨.提出了测试可信度的定义,并以航天控制工程为背景分析了测试可信度的影响因素.在此基础上,系统介绍了柔性化原型测试、航天器控制系统指标专项测试、高可信动力学建模、高可信信号源技术等方面的初步研究成果.