钣金制件表面的相贯线求作方法

本文提出钣金制件表面相贯线求作的新方法。     

Astrophysics in 2006

The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries.     

The double-pulsar binary J0737–3039

A recent multibeam pulsar survey of the outer Galactic plane at Parkes has discovered the first-known double-pulsar binary, a very compact double neutron star system in which both stars are observable as radio pulsars. In this review, we briefly describe the discovery and the studies which have been enabled by the unique properties of the system. These range from the most precise confirmation yet of the theory of general relativity, with the possibility of even more new tests and the measurement of second-order post-Newtonian effects, to studies of the magnetospheres and emission properties of the two pulsars. The discovery also results in a significant increase in the expected rate of occurrence of the mergers of double neutron star systems, and hence the rate of detection of such events by the new ground-based gravitational wave detectors.     

The Local Bubble and Interstellar Material Near the Sun

The properties of interstellar matter at the Sun are regulated by our location with respect to a void in the local matter distribution, known as the Local Bubble. The Local Bubble (LB) is bounded by associations of massive stars and fossil supernovae that have disrupted dense interstellar matter (ISM), driving low density intermediate velocity ISM into the void. The Sun appears to be located in one of these flows of low density material. This nearby interstellar matter, dubbed the Local Fluff, has a bulk velocity of ∼19 km s⁻¹ in the local standard of rest. The flow is coming from the direction of the gas and dust ring formed where the Loop I supernova remnant merges into the LB. Optical polarization data suggest that the local interstellar magnetic field lines are draped over the heliosphere. A longstanding discrepancy between the high thermal pressure of plasma filling the LB and low thermal pressures in the embedded Local Fluff cloudlets is partially mitigated when the ram pressure component parallel to the cloudlet flow direction is included.     

WSO-UV project

During last three decades, astronomers have enjoyed continuous access to the 100–300 nm ultraviolet (UV) spectral range where the resonance transitions of the most abundant atoms and ions (at temperatures between 3000 and 300 000 K) reside. This UV range is not accessible from ground-based facilities. The successful International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observatory, the Russian ASTRON mission and successor instruments such as the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) mission or the COS and STIS spectrographs on-board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) prove the major impact of observations in the UV wavelength range in modern astronomy. Future access to space-based observatories is expected to be very limited. For the next decade, the post-HST era, the World Space Observatory – Ultraviolet (WSO–UV) will be the only 2-m class UV telescope with capabilities similar to the HST. WSO–UV will be equipped with instruments for imaging and spectroscopy and it will be a facility dedicated, full-time, to UV astronomy. In this article, we briefly outline the current status of the WSO–UV mission and the science management plan.     

变循环发动机总体结构和模式转换机构研究

根据1种涡扇发动机的总体结构设计方案,围绕变循环特征的适应性进行了改进设计,给出了变循环发动机的总体结构初步方案,设计了模式转换原理及其结构实现方案;以其可调面积涵道引射器的设计为例,进行了模式转换机构运动仿真及其关键件的有限元分析,从机构运动和强度分析方面确定了该方案的可行性.     

某型三叶螺旋桨的设计及性能试验

根据飞行速度、需用拉力、螺旋桨转速等参数,设计了某型飞机的三叶螺旋桨,获得了弦长和桨叶角沿着径向的分布.制造了三叶复合材料螺旋桨（直径为1.75m）,在螺旋桨试验台上测试了不同转速下螺旋桨的拉力.为了获得螺旋桨的动态性能,制造了螺旋桨的缩比模型（直径为0.96m）,在西北工业大学NF-3风洞的三元试验段测试了螺旋桨的气动性能数据,包括:拉力、扭矩、功率、效率.结果表明:螺旋桨最大效率为85.63%,所设计的三叶复合材料螺旋桨适用于螺旋桨需用功率为70kW左右的发动机（比如Rotax912）,提出的螺旋桨设计方法具有较好的应用价值.      

多阶段任务系统通用可靠性仿真模型

归纳了当前多阶段任务系统(PMS,Phased Mission Systems)可靠性建模的基本假设,指出了解析模型描述和求解能力的不足以及仿真模型存在的难以转换的缺点.应用着色Petri网(CPN,Colored Petri Net) Tools建立PMS的多层通用仿真模型:顶层控制模型将PMS各阶段的故障树参数化,作为CPN通用仿真模型的输入;单阶段处理模型根据顶层控制模型的输入判别该阶段顶事件是否发生;底事件处理模型通过比较随机数和故障发生概率的大小产生故障.通用仿真模型可以保持模型结构的稳定,同时又简化了仿真模型的生成.案例对比了CPN仿真模型与二元决策图(BDD,Binary Decision Diagrams)算法的可靠性计算结果,证明了模型的正确性;具有动态变化参数的PMS仿真则说明了模型的适用性.      

紧凑热交换器优化设计

对各种传热表面的板翅式紧凑热交换器进行了优化设计计算，建立了通用优化程序系统。此程序既适用于一般地面热交换器，也适用于飞机空调中的热交换器。与传统的设计计算相比较，优化设计的效果很好。热交换优化后，肋片的形状变得更加合理，芯体传热表面更加紧。通过各种肋片的计算得出，条状肋片为板翅式肋片中的最佳者。